Autumn Cleaning of Stubbles. 
119 
acre. The fly attacked them, particularly on a part which was 
allowed to lie one day before drilling, but sufficient plants were 
saved, and the weight was valued at upwards of 20 tons. 
Cost of tillage for tares .. 
,, seed 
tillage for turnips 
,, manure, &c 
£. s. 
0 12 
0 14 
0 12 
3 10 
£5 8 0 
1 acre tares, Gd. per rod . . 
20 tons turnips, 6s. per ton 
£. s. 
4 0 
6 0 
d. 
0 
0 
£10 0 0 
Expenses 5 8 0 
£4 12 0 
Produce of crop on fallow 3 5 0 
Balance in favour of winter"! y q 
green crop / 
£. s. d. £. s. d. 
Bare fallow for turnips .. 2 0 0 Supposed crop of turnips, i 
Manure, &c 3 10 0 at most 25 tons, at 7s. I 8 15 0 
per ton ) 
£5 10 0 Expenses 5 10 0 
£3 5 0 
Failures will sometimes take place, however ; and the next year, 
on the same farm, in attempting to fold off the tares, the lambs 
were injured, and a very poor crop of turnips was obtained. 
This was partly because the tares were not fed off soon enough ; 
and it is very probable, if some of them had been ploughed in, 
the succeeding crop would have been better. Rye on strong 
heavy soils should never be sown without manure ; from 10 to 
20 loads of long dung is an excellent preparation. Three 
bushels is the usual quantity of seed drilled, and it is ready to 
be mown for the horses about May, and sometimes earlier. It 
is not quite so valuable a crop as tares, but, coming off sooner,^ 
the land can receive several ploughings, harrowings, and rollings, 
in preparation for a crop of swedes ; and we saw last year 12 or 
13 tons grown without artificial manure when treated as we have 
described. This M^as an unfavourable season ; and we think a 
little artificial might have made it an average crop. Crosskill's 
clod-crusher is indispensable on such land for reducing the clods 
to a proper seed-bed ; without this iinplement turnips could not 
be obtained after a winter green crop. 
It has been very difficult to get a plant of trifolium within the 
last few years. Wet summers, against which the best farmers 
cannot contend, have harboured so much vermin, that the indus- 
trious agriculturist has been compelled too often to compare his 
fields to those of the Egyptians in the days of Pharaoh. On 
