120 
Autumn Cleaning of Stubbles. 
account of its value as a feeding crop, many still persist in 
sowing trifolium, for, if it fails, tares may be drilled on the old 
furrow. 18 to 20 lbs. of seed are sown after the harrows, and 
covered in by a heavy roller, Crosskill's clod-crusher following 
as a preventive against the slug. Lime is also used, but it is of 
little use, except it be sown when the creature comes forth to 
feed. Tlie feeding value of trifolium we place fully as high as 
that of tares. Both this and rye will well repay the farmer as 
a substitute for a bare fallow. Rape, mustard, and ersli turnips 
have yet to be mentioned. They are sown on the land which 
will best bear feeding off. One cwt. of superphosphate or guano 
will never be lost on them. Although large crops cannot be 
expected, we are satisfied that they are remunerative when, as 
we have seen, a small piece of 6 acres, close to the sheep yard, 
with the aid of a little hay and chaff, has kept a flock of 500 
ewes during the most trying part of the lambing season. What 
would have been the loss of health and comfort to the ewes if 
they had been driven perhaps a mile to their feed ! or what the 
expense if turnips had been carted to them ! In speaking of 
light land it will be unnecessary to go over the ground which 
has so lately been traversed and ably described by the authors 
of the essays on ' Surrey ' and on ' Cropping and Cultivating 
Light Land.' The methods of growing either of the preceding 
crops are slightly varied from what we have described, having 
particular reference to the required end — a moist and firm seed- 
bed. The cultivation is less expensive ; the growth of inter- 
vening crops less uncertain in its results, and therefore more 
profitable. Turnips are grown with one ploughing after rye. 
We shall confine ourselves, then, to a statement of facts where 
two crops are taken previous to the turnip crop. We are in- 
debted to a gentleman for the following, in answer to our 
inquiries : — " The only novelty 1 have is my experience on 20 
acres of good warm loam in 1847. Wheat was carted August 
3rd (everything can be done after an early harvest, nothing after 
a late one). Pomeranian turnips were drilled immediately, and 
fed the latter end of January. This was followed by peas (early 
Warwicks), which were sown March 14th after a slight dressing. 
The frost prevented their being put in earlier. The peas were 
carried August 20th, and Pomeranian turnips sown immediately, 
which proved an excellent crop." 
A double crop — rye and tares — is also taken on forward lands, 
and has been known to answer well. 
On some of the early loams of Lancashire a crop of early 
potatoes is obtained before the turnip crop. Mr. Caird says : — 
" The seed is prepared about the beginning of the year, by 
being sprouted under cover, and planted out into beds as soon 
