140 Tlic Agricultural Relations of the Western Portion 
The Barton clay, and the sandy clays and clayey sands of the 
Bracklesham beds, have many brick and tile works established 
on them, and produce red bricks. The Bracklesham beds at 
Heng;estburyhead contain concretionary ironstone, which is col- 
lected from the waste of the cliffs, and from the outcrop of the 
beds on the sea-shore, and shipped to Newport in South Wales, 
where it is in some request, in consequence of the ductility of 
the iron which it yields, and its aptitude for promoting the fusion 
of other ironstone. The supply is small, will soon be exhausted, 
and the beds would be too much overburthened with sand to be 
profitably worked, if it were not for the waste of the cliffs. I 
have nowhere observed so much ironstone in the Bracklesham 
sands in other parts of the district. It is found in small quan- 
tities in the Poole clays and the freshwater marls. Though 
not sufficiently abundant to be worked profitably, it would gene- 
rally answer to save it when the beds are worked for other pur- 
poses. Ironstone is a frequent accompaniment of the clays which 
here represent the London clay, but has not yet been worked. 
Cement-stone is collected from the waste of the Barton cliffs. 
Beautiful white and sulphur-coloured bricks are made from the 
calcareous clays of the freshwater marls at Beaulieu, Exbury, 
and one or two other places. Red bricks are made from the 
non-calcareous clays of the same series. The beds of white clay, 
technically called " blue," from its bluish-grey hue when fresh 
dug, are of great value, large quantities of the fine clays having 
for a long time been exported to the potteries of Staffordshire 
and the north of England. A great demand has recently arisen 
for the inferior kinds of clay from these pits, which do not burn 
of a white colour, and which are employed in the manufacture 
of brown or stone ware, now so largely used for sewer-pipes, 
for vessels for manufacturing chemists, and a variety of other 
purposes. These inferior clays in the hands of skilful manu- 
facturers yield white bricks equal to the best Suffolk bricks. 
The mottled clay of the plastic series is also used for brick and 
tile making, and for a coarse red earthenware. Some of the 
oldest potteries in England are upon these beds, near Crendle, 
but have difficulty now in competing, even in their own neigh- 
bourhood, with the skill and capital and cheap coal of Stafford- 
shire. The beds of transported chalk-flints form the exclusive 
road-materials of the greater portion of the district. As the 
classification and nomenclature of these tertiary strata of the 
Hampshire district have been considerably modified of late, and 
in their present state differ considerably from those of any geo- 
logical maps yet published, except those of the Geological 
Survey, as, moreover, notices of these changes are only to be 
