Farming of BucliiiKjIiamsldre. 
Very little underdraining is required in the south of the 
county, with the exception of the land-springs and heavy loams 
of the plastic clay. Some of the calcareous clay beds, at the 
loot of the chalk liills, are drained with malm or rag, and on 
parts of the oolite and greensand stones are employed in drain- 
ing. If these materials are not on the spot, pipes are cheaper, 
and they are now generally used in draining arable land. Pecu- 
liarly stiff clays have only been effectually dried by drains up 
the furrows and others at right angles passing quite across the 
ridges. On some adhesive soils attempts have formerly been 
made to drain them with bushes or stones, but, as these are now 
worn out, in redraining the land it is common to run the fresh 
drains obliquely across the old ones. Of course there are nu- 
merous ways of underdraining, varying with the means, the 
ability, and caprice of the drainer : but the most general mode is 
to pipe-drain strong arable soils o or 4 feet deep up the fur- 
rows, notwithstanding the slight curves and irregular width of 
the ridges. Tlie labour of this when the clay digs freely is from 
20d. to 2s. a chain of 22 yards. One great reason for the only 
partial success of draining strong lands in this county is, that it 
is hardly ever followed by subsoiling or even deep ploughing. 
On pastures it is more common to drain with turf. This is 
seldom done deeper than 30 inches, and on a stiff clay will some- 
times last 14 years, and cost lOf/. per chain. The deep and 
regular drainage of grass lands is not common. The grounds, 
which are naturally clayey and cannot bear treading in the 
winter, should be kept free from heavy stock ; but unless they 
produce rushes or coarse lierbage, few would drain them. And 
in removing the under Mater from lighter pastures outlets are 
provided for the excess of water, but tlicre appears no desire to 
remove every drop of moisture from the subsoil. With the ex- 
ception of Claydon, but little of the Government draining money 
lias been expended in Bucks. 
Takm Buildings. 
The bad situation of most farm-steadings has been already 
mentioned, but in addition to this evil the agricultural buildings 
throughout the county are in themselves bad. They are badly 
arianged, insufKcient, and built of inferior materials. Barns, of 
which there are more than enough, in conjunction with other 
buildings, generally form the outside of an irregular space called 
the yard, and perhaps the only shed that opens into this yard is 
the waggon-hovel ! Stone is plentiful in some districts, but farm 
buildings in the south are boarded and thatched, and even in the 
Vale of Aylesbury, where hardly any straw is grown — certainly 
not so much as is wanted for the cattle — there buildings are also 
