An Example of Good Farminf/. 
321 
was drawn ontioto deep trenclios 2() inches apart from each other, which were 
lilled with 15 loads of pig manure per acre, then covered in as lightly as 
possible, rolled and drilled with 2 jKumds of swede seed and 40 bushels of 
peat ashes per acre, and upon some jiortion 3 cwt. of superphosphate per 
acre, over and above the manure and peat ashes. The land was then rolled 
with a very heavy roller. When the swedes were in rough leaf they were 
hoed out at intervals of 12 inches apart in the rows, and the land between 
the rows was well and repeatedly .stirred with Smith's horse-hoc dnring the 
whole of the sunmier, nntil the swedes were too large to admit of this opera- 
tion. The swedes are an excellent crop for the season, and are now being 
sliced with tlie turnip-cutter for the sheep and cattle, which, with artificial 
food, are thriving last. 
" 2nd. The barley crop, — after the swedes were fed off last winter by the 
sheep, having corn, oil-cake (h pint of beans and ^ lb. of cake daily), and 
clovei--hay, — was partly dibbled and partly drilled njion the land, being once 
ploughed and scarified, at the rate of about 24 bushels per acre, in rows of 8 
inches apart ; the land was then well harrowed and crushed with Crosskill's 
roller. When the barley was suflieiently high, it was alternately horse-hoed 
and clod-crushed several times : the horse-hoc raising the mould so as to enable 
it to absorb the moisture and the nitrogen from the air, and by this means in- 
creasing the bulk ; the clod-crusher pressing and consolidating the land, so as to 
enable it to retain what it had absorbed, and by this means stifl'cning and glazing 
the straw so as to prevent it from falling. This process was adoiited on all the 
barley which was planted in February and Marcli ; and where it was adopted 
the barlej' did not fall, although it was a very full crop. Where this system 
was not entirely carried out, as was the case with the barley planted in April, 
the barley did fall. The last hoeing was done by men in order to hoe instead 
of to harrow in the clover seed which was sown upon one-half of the barley 
land, the remaining half being left for winter beans or pulse (beans and peas). 
" 3rd. The clover crop, — being French red-clover seed, was hoed in at 
the rate of 18 lbs. per acre on the barley land, 20 bushels of soot and 20 
bushels of ashes being sown upon every acre in the month of March. The first 
crop was mown for hay in June, the second crop partly mown and partly fed 
off by sheep. Where the second crop -w as mown the sheep were folded, and 
woollen rags were applied at the rate of 6 cwt. per acre. 
"4th. The wheat crop was planted on the clover ley, once ploughed, the 
weeds and conch having been forked out by men and boys ; the "Oxbridge white 
wheat, the Spalding and Cone wheats, were then planted in three separate 
portions in drills 10 inches apart ; the land was then trodden by the sheep and 
clod-crushed several times in the autumn to consolidate it for the winter. 
15 bushels of soot and 3 cwt. of salt per acre were sown upon it in the spring, 
the soot being intended to increase the bulk of straw, and the salt to stiffen, 
glaze, anil prevent it from falling, as well as to increase the weight of the 
grain. The 10-inch rows fully allowed of Smith's horse-hoe being used 
in such a maimer as to raise plenty of mould, and then the clod-crusher so 
consolidated the land and strengthened the roots of the wheat, that the straw 
very much resembled a reed in respect of its stiffness ; this process of alternate 
horse-hoeing and clod-crushing was repeated several times during the spring, 
until the crop became the largest, and at the same time the most upright, 
which was perhaps ever seen when the land had been previously in so bad a 
state. 
" The pigs during the last winter were fattened upon swedes, barley, and 
pulse, steamed by Stanley's apparatus. The cattle in the yards were some of 
them fed upon swedes, hay, and oil-cake, some upon hay, and some of the very 
lean ones upon straw and cut swedes. The horses work in pairs, and in Scotch 
carts, one horse in a cart ; they are light in the leg, and yet full of bone and 
