352 
Moisture in Turnip-Land. 
more moisture by dews, but use the liorse-hoe with discretion as 
long as the ridges remain high and the weather dry. 
General conclusions. — Moist climates are more favourable for 
the growth of turnips than dry climates. To preserve the 
moisture which is so essential to root-crops on light land in a 
dry climate, foul land should, if possible, be cleaned in autumn 
or early in spring. Land should be worked as little as possible 
during the summer months, when the evaporation is usually 
great. Short dung is most suitable for roots on light soils, other- 
wise artificial manure. There have been reasons assigned for 
growing turnips both by the Scotch system of ridges, and also 
by the flat system. The matter of hoeing turnips has also been 
discussed, with especial reference to the retention of moisture in 
the land. 
XVIIl. — On the Gruhbinq up of Woods. By J. Evelyn 
Denisox, Esq., M.P. 
A FEW years ago there was a great fall in the value of woods in 
this district, not only as regarded the prices of timber and bark, 
but of spring wood also, as the cultivation of hops, which had 
afforded a market for the ash-poles, was generally abandoned. 
It became necessary to consider what should be done with the 
woods. After due inquiry I determined to apply a radical re- 
medy ; to grub up a portion of the woods, and convert the land to 
farming purposes. 
The soil is a red clay ; the timber, oak of good quality, with 
an undergrowth of ash and hazel. The adjoining land lets for 
about 1/. per acre. 
It appeared, on an investigation of the accounts of past years, 
that the annual return from the woods did not exceed Is. per 
acre. There was no doubt, if the expense of grubbing should 
not prove too great, that the land would yield a far larger rent 
under cultivation. 
My first attempt at grubbing was not successful. The men 
were new to the work. They did the work ill, and at a cost of 
not less than from 18Z. to 20/. per acre. The same work wliich 
was then done ill at a cost of 201. has since been done well for 
6/. 135. per acre. 
Wliile I was engaged in the early stages of tliis experiment, I 
had the good fortune to secure the services of Mr. Huskinson as 
my agent. Mr. Iluskinson had had considerable experience in 
the grubbing of woods, and was occupying a farm of 500 acres 
at Epperstone, six miles from Nottingham, part of which had 
been lately converted from wood to arable cultivation. Mr. Hus- 
