282 
CINCHONA. 
red; but it has been long since ascertained by the Spanish botanists, 
that these barks not only belong to distinct species, but that, pro- 
bably, each of them is taken indiscriminately from several different 
species. The first of these is now generally referred to the Cinchona 
Lancifolia of Mutis ; the second to the Cinchona Cordifolia of Mutis, 
under which he includes the Cinchona Purpurea, and Micrantha, 
of the Flora Peruviana, and the Ciuchona Ovata of Ruiz ; and the 
third to the Oblongifolia of Mutis; the Maguifolia of Ruiz and Pavon. 
These species will be found figured in the annexed plates, while we 
shall treat the subject under the general head of Cinchona ; and 
when noticing the recent discoveries of the French chemists, MM. 
Pelletier and Caventou, we shall have occasion to consider the 
relative virtues of the different species. 
Cinchona Lancifolia.* — This species of Cinchona grows to a 
great height and bulk, being often found thicker than a man's body ; 
particularly before the great demand for this medicine led to the 
destruction of so many full grown trees, by stripping them of their 
bark, after which, it is said, they always die.f It sends off nume- 
rous large branches, which, as well as the trunk, are covered with 
a rough brown bark; the leaves are somewhat between an ovate 
and an elliptical form : the smaller ones being more of the latter, 
and the larger ones of the former figure; they are entire, nerved, 
smooth on the upper surface, downy beneath, and stand in pairs 
upon footstalks; the flowers are produced in panicles, and stand 
upon slender footstalks; the calyx is small, bell-shaped, and cut 
into five small segments at the margin; the corolla is funnel- 
shaped, and consists of a long cylindrical tube, divided at the 
limb into five ovate, or oblong, spreading segments, which are red 
on their upper surface, woolly on the under, and fringed at the 
edges ; the filaments are bristly, and stand in the centre of the tube ; 
the anthers are oblong, and twisted in a spiral manner ; the germen 
is ovate, style filiform, somewhat longer than the stamina, and fur- 
nished with a round stigma ; the capsule is divided into two cells by 
a parallel partition; the seeds are small and numerous. 
Cinchona Cordifolia. — This tree is a native of Peru, where it 
grows in great abundance, on a long chain of mountains that extend 
* The bark of this species was formerly described under the vague name of Ciuchona 
Oflicinalis. 
t Condamine however asserts that tlie joung trees do not die by losing their bark, 
but send out fresh shoots from the base — he is good authority. 
