CINCHONA. 
291 
There are various modes of exhibiting bark, dependiug on the state 
of the stomach, the nature of the disease, the constitution of the 
patient, or perhaps the fancy of the physician. In powder, it is given 
mixed, either with' wine, with pure water, or with some of the aro- 
matic waters; and simply bruised, it is used in decoctions, liot and 
cold infusion, and tincture ; lastly, an extract is prepared by decoc- 
tion, and kept in two states; the one hard and pulverizable, the 
other soft, and of a proper consistence to make into pills. As bark is 
sometimes found to excite purging or nausea, it is frequently joined 
with an opiate, or with carbonic acid. As tliere is every reason to 
think, that the newly discovered preparations of this medicine will 
very soon supersede the use of the bark in substance, we do not 
deem it necessary to enter further into its mode of exhibition, but 
shall proceed to notice the medical properties of these substances. 
M. Magendie says, " A sufficient number of cases induce me to be- 
lieve that these two alkalies (cinchonine and quinine) possess the 
medical properties of the cinchonas, and may be substituted for 
them on all occasions." In the twelfth volume of the Medico- 
Chirurgical Transactions, Dr. EUiotson has sufficiently established 
the febrifuge efficacy of both simple quinine, and of the sulphate, 
which is further confirmed by Dr. Dickson of Clifton, in the Edin- 
burgh Medical and Surgical Journal for October 1823. But indeed 
it is needless now to insist upon the value of these preparations, since 
in the ague counties in England their use is become general, and 
seldom fail to effect a cure. M. Magendie says, the sulphates are 
the preparations most commonly employed, and he recommends 
from one to eight grains to be given in the twenty-four hours.* 
" Some physicians," he adds, " have thought it necessary to carry 
the dose much higher, but in general the success has not answered 
their expectations, and several patients have experienced somewhat 
severe accidents, such as great agitation, with strong cerebral excite- 
ment." Cinchonine is thought to possess the febrifuge properties in 
a less degree than quinine ; the sulphate of the latter is the prepara- 
tion now generally employed in England, and the following seems to 
be the best mode of exhibiting it : dissolve the sulphate in a little 
lemon juice, and then add a sufficient quantity of pure water, or of 
cinnamon or peppermint water, to make a draught ; in this way two 
grains may be given for a dose, and repeated three or four times in 
* According to Dr. Paris, eight grains of the sulpbate of quiuine is equal to 51. of 
bark. 
