X 
INTRODUCTION. 
flowers, but growings ber, ^iz. Monandria, Diandria, Triandria, Tetrandra, 
on the same individual (which order includes the different species of birth, 
plant. and may be illustrated by the alder tree), Pentandria, 
Hexaudria, Polyandria (this order includes ihe 
jj^ Quercus, or oak), Monadelphia (in this order ive 
find the numerous species, Pinus, the Croton Tiglium, 
Croton Aromaticuni, the bark of which is the Eluteria 
and Cascarilla of commerce, the Ricinus and several 
other valuable trees). 
22. DiCECIA. Stamina The orders of this class are formed like the pre- 
and Pistils in separate ceding, from the male flowers. In the order Pen- 
flowers, and situated tandria, we find the Humulus, and in Monadelplia, 
on two separate plants, the Juniperus. 
23. PoLYGAMlA. Stamina This class only contains 3 orders, and in the opinion 
and Pistils, separate of many eminent botanists, the class itself might vrell 
in some flowers, united be omitted, 
in others, either on the 
same plant, or on two 
or three distinct ones. 
24. CrYPTOGAMIA. Stamina In this class there are 5 orders easily distingaish- 
and Pistils, either not able, viz. 1st — Filices, or ferns. 2d — Musci, or 
well ascertained, or mosses. 3d — Hepaticse, or liverworts. 4th — Al^rc, 
not to be numbered or flags ; this last order comprehends the various 
with any certainty. Lichens, of which the L. Islandicus is a familiar 
illustration, as also the numerous species of sea 
•weeds. 5 — Fungi, or mushrooms. 
To these twenty-four classes Linnaeus added an appendix, 
for the tribe Palraae, which at that time was but little understood. 
Of the Linnjean Orders. 
We have so fully illustrated these in our description of the 
classes, that little more remains to be said about them : in the 
first thirteen classes the orders are founded on the number of 
the styles of the pistils, or where the styles are wanting, on 
the number of the stigmas. They are accordingly named, 
Monogynia, 1 style ; Dygynia, 2 ; Trigynia, 3 ; Tetragynia, 
4 ; Pentagynia, 5 ; Hexagynia, 6 ; (this order is very rarely 
found) Heptagynia, 7, also very rare ; Octagynia, 8, which 
scarcely occurs ; Enneagynia, 9, also extremely rare ; Deca- 
gynia, 10 ; Dodecagynia, about 12 ; Polygynia, styles numer- 
ous. The orders Gymnospermia and Angiospermia are re- 
ferable to the 14th class, as we have already shewn, depending 
on the situation of the seeds, Siliculosa and Siliquosa belong 
to the 15th class, and are distinguished by the form of the 
pods. The orders of the 16th, 17th, and 18th classes are 
founded on the numbers of the stamens, and are accordingly 
named Monandria, Diandria, &c. In the 19th class we 
have Polygamia Squalls, P. Superflua, P, Frustranea, P. 
Necessaria, and P. Segregata, which have been already ex- 
plained, as have the orders in the other five classes. 
