130 
VERTEBRATA. 
MACKOGLOSSUS. 
distinguished themselves hy ravenous appetites. A head of this extraordinary species is figured 
at p. 124. See also p. 127. 
The Common Rohssktte, P. vulgaris^ half the size of the preceding, is of the Isle of France 
and of Bourbon. They live chiefly on fruits, yet occasionally devour small quadrupeds and birds. 
They often fly by day, though the night is the usual period of their activity. They choose 
their abodes in the gloom of the thick forests, and only in the still watches of the night approach 
the habitations of man, when they devour large quantities of fruits in the gardens and plantations. 
Besides these species, we may mention the following : The P.funeretis, found in the same islands 
as the kalong; the P. 2yhaio2ys, of Macassar; P. chryso2oroctus, of Amboyna; P. JfacMoti, of 
Timor; P. alecto, of Celebes; P. pallidiis, of Sumatra and some of the adjacent islands; P.per- 
sonatus, of the Moluccas ; P. griseus, of Timor and Amboyna ; P. juhatus or P. Keraudrenii, of 
the Philippines ; P. Tonganus, of the Friendly Isles ; P. ursinus and P. dasymallus^ both of Japan ; 
P. Vanikoriensis, of New Hebrides ; P. polyocephalus, of Van Diemen's Land ; P. conspicillatns, of 
Australia ; P. Dussumieri and P. Edtoardsii^ of India ; and P. Stramineus, of Sennaar and Senegal. 
Genus. MACROGLOSSUS : Macroglossiis. — Of this there is only a single species, the Kiodote, 
or P. minimus, of Java and the adjacent islands. It is but three inches long, and is remarkable 
for the length of its protrusile tongue, which may be extended to two inches. It is called 
Lowo-assu by the natives, and as it exists in lai'ge flocks, is much dreaded on account of its devas- 
tations among the fruits of the gardens and plantations. 
Genus EPOMOPHORUS : Epomophorus. — Of this there are two species, P. Wkitei and P. 
labiatus. 
Genus ELETJTHERURA : Meuiherura. — Of this the most noted species is the P, Egyptiacus, 
which has an expanse of wing of eighteen inches. It is doubtless the species figured on the 
monuments, and copied in the great work of Rosellini. It abounds in the ruins and is found even 
in the chambers of the pyramids of Egypt. The P. Hottentotiis is another species of this genus, 
found in Southern Africa. 
Genus CYNOPTERUS : Cxjnopterus. — Of this there is only the P. marginatus of Java and 
other Asiatic islands The four preceding genera are still included in Pteropus by many naturalists. 
Genus MEGERA, Megera, off"ers only the si>edes M . ecaiidata. 
Genus HYPODERMA, Jlypoderma, includes but the sTpeck^ II,Peronii, of Timor and Amboyna. 
Gemis HARPY A, Harpya^ includes only tha species R. cephalotes, found in Celebes and Amboyna. 
