510 
VERTEBRATA. 
little inclined to fat. These animals are active and restless, and frequently move from place to 
place. They are distinguished by a sort of brisk and petulant manner in all their actions. When 
young, they are full of playful humor, running, leaping, and bounding among the hills and rocks ; 
in old age they become grave and watchful. They are fond of the society of each other, and 
usually live in small flocks. Their natural haunts are among the remote and unfrequented 
ledges of the mountains, where they obtain a subsistence by browsing the scanty herbage or the 
buds and leaves of shrubs. They run Avith great speed, and the celerity with which they bound 
along the verges of the stcepling cliffs seems almost like the flight of birds. The males have a 
strong and ofl"ensive odor ; they butt by rising on their hind-legs and coming doAvn sideways 
aecainst their enemy. Such are the wild races : those which are domesticated are modified in 
some of these characteristics, but still the natural traits of the race are strongly marked upon 
them. They are divided into several genera. 
Genus KEMAS : Kemas. — Of this there are two species, both distinguished by a naked muz- 
zle and short horns, and both confined to the mountains of Asia. The Warryato Kemas, K. 
holocrius of Ogilby, is found in certain mountainous districts of Hindostan ; the Jharal Kemas, 
K. Jemlaicus — called Jemlah Goat by H. Smith — inhabits the most lofty ridges of Central Asia ; 
it is also found in Nepaul. It is eminently scansorial and pugnacious, but is easily tamed, and 
readily acclimated in other countries. It is without beard, and the horns are of moderate size ; 
it breeds with the domestic goat, and is said to resemble the tame varieties. 
THE BOUQUETIN, OR IBEX. 
Genus BOUQUETUST or IBEX : Ibex. — Of this genus, whose name of Bouquetin signifies BucJc 
of the liocJc, there are several species, all noted for their large horns bending over the back, their 
love of the wild, rocky heights of mountainous regions, and the activity and daring with which 
they bound along the verges of the most lofty precipices. 
