CLASS I. MAMMALIA: 
OEDER 9. RUMINANTIA. 
533 
own residence before killing it, and in fact the Cape farmers, from long practice and an intimate 
knowledge of tlie animal's habits, very frequently succeed in accomplishing this masterpiece of 
South African field-sports. They are so gentle that a man on horseback may penetrate into the 
very middle of a herd without alarming them, and pick out the fattest and best-conditioned, and 
as the old bulls are commonly chosen, on account of their greater size and weight, it not unfre- 
quently happens that the herd is left altogether without a male. There have been several fine 
specimens of this animal in the Zoological Gardens, Regent's Park, presented by the late Earl of 
Derby. 
The following extract from the recent Travels of Livingstone will be found interesting, as 
well from the picture it presents of the abundance of game in Southern Africa as from the ac- 
counts it affords of the curious habits of particular kinds of antilope. It also mentions a new 
variety of Eland, of which the engraving at page 532 is a representation. The country he is 
speaking of, Sesheke, is about 1*7° 30' south latitude and 25° east longitude. 
"This district contains great numbers of a small antelope named J'mw^/d/ie, unknown in the 
South. It stands about eighteen inches high, is very graceful in its movements, and utters a cry 
of alarm not unlike that of the domestic fowl ; it is of a brownish-red color on the sides and back, 
with the belly and lower part of the tail white ; it is very timid, but the maternal affection that 
the little thing bears to its young will often induce it to offer battle even to a man approaching 
it. When the young one is too tender to run about with the dam, she puts one foot on the prom- 
inence about the seventh cervical vertebra, or withers ; the instinct of the young enables it to 
understand that It is now required to kneel down, and to remain quite still till it hears the bleat- 
mg of its dam. If you see an otherwise gregarious she-antilope separated from the herd, and 
going alone anywhere, you may be sure she has laid her little one to sleep in some cozy spot. 
The color of the hair in the young is better adapted for assimilating it with the ground than that 
of the older animals, which do not need to be screened from the observation of birds of prey. I 
observed the Arabs at Aden, when making their camels kneel down, press the thumb on the 
withers m exactly the same way the antilopes do with their young ; probably they have been led 
to the custom by seeing this plan adopted by the gazelle of the desert. 
" Great numbers of Bu f aloes, Zeh'as, Tsessebes, Tahaetsi, and Elands or Poliu, grazed undis- 
turbed on these plains, so that very little exertion was required to secure a fair supply of meat 
for the party during the necessary delay. Hunting on foot, as all those who have engaged in it 
in this country will at once admit, is very hard work indeed. The heat of the sun by day is so 
great, even in winter, as it now was, that, had there been any one on whom I could have thrown 
the task, he would have been most welcome to all the sport the toil is supposed to impart. But 
the Makololo shot so badly that, in order to save my powder, I was obliged to go myself. 
" We shot a beautiful cow-eland, standing in the shade of a fine tree. It was evident that she 
had lately had her calf killed by a lion, for there were five long, deep scratches on both sides of 
her hind-quarters, as if she had run to the rescue of her calf, and the lion, leaving it, had attacked 
herself, but was unable to pull her down. When lying on the ground, the milk flowing from the 
large udder showed that she must have been seeking the shade, from the distress its non-removal 
in the natural manner caused. She was a beautiful creature, and Lebeole, a Makololo gentleman 
who accompanied me, speaking in reference to its size and beauty, said, 'Jesus ought to have given 
us these instead of cattle.' It was a new, undescribed variety of this splendid antilope. It was 
marked with narrow white bands across the body, exactly like those of the koodoo, and had a 
black patch of more than a hand-breadth on the outer side of the fore-arm." 
The GiNJi-JoNGA, or Derby's Oreas, Oreas Derbiatms, is found in Northern Africa on the river 
Cassaman. It is of a plain reddish-brown color, with the front of the face, the neck, the front 
part of the under side, a spot on the front and upper part of the fore-leg, and the dorsal streak, 
mainly black. 
Genus ANOA: Anoa. — Of this there is one species, the A. depressicornis, or Antilope de- 
pressicornis ; it is found in the Celebes islands, and is called Sapi-Outan or Cow of the Woods, 
by the natives. It has a thick, stout form, possesses two nearly straight, powerful horns, and is of 
the size of an ass ; it is of a blackish hue, lives in the woods, and is a wild and savage animal. 
