568 
VERTEBRATA. 
THE MUNTJAC, 
tlie common deer, but smaller than the mule deer ; first noticed by Lewis and Clark, and now 
found in considerable numbers in California and Oregon, where it seems to take the place of the 
common deer. The color is reddish-brown above and white beneath ; the horns are cylindrical 
and twice bifurcated. When the gold-hunters of California first resorted to that region this species 
was a considerable resource ; as gold was more abundant than food, a single buck was sometimes 
sold for eighty dollars. 
The Long-tailed Deer, C. leucurzcs, is the smallest of the American deer, but having a tail 
sometimes seventeen inches long. In general appearance it resembles the Virginia deer. It is 
common on the Columbia River. 
The Californian Roe, C, punctulatus. Dr. J. E. Gray says, " There is a female of this species 
in the Zoological Gardens ; it is much smaller and darker than the C Virginianus, and it differs 
in the hair being dark, with a distinct, yellow subterminal band." It is scarcely necessary to say 
that there is no species of this name in any part of this country : this specimen may be of the 
preceding species. 
Genus CERVULUS : Qervulus. — Of this there are several species. The Kijang or Muntjae, 
Cervulus vaginalis — the Cervus muntjae of Zimmerman ; the Ribhed-Faced Deer of Pennant ; 
Chevreuil des Indes of Allamand — is about two feet two inches high ; the head pointed ; eyes 
large ; ears rather large ; tail short and flattened. It selects for its retreat certain districts, to 
which it forms a peculiar attachment, and which it never voluntarily deserts. Many of these are 
known as its favorite resort for several generations. It is occasionally found partially domestica- 
ted in the inclosures of natives and Europeans, but requires a considerable range to live comfort- 
ably ; it is cleanly in its habits, and delicate in its choice of food. The flesh affords an excellent 
venison, which is often found on the tables of Europeans. The natives eat the males, and always 
present them in a conspicuous place in their feasts ; but in consequence of some peculiarities in 
the habits of the females, they have an aversion to them as food. They are found in India and Java, 
The Kegan or Kakr, C. moschatus, is the Cervus Moschus of Desmarest ; the Mush-Deer of 
Nepaul ; the Jungle Sheep. It is of a bright reddish-yellow color, with the chin and gullet 
whitish. It is a native of India, where it lives in forests on the mountains, six or eight together. 
The Chinese Muntjae, G. Heevesii, is of a grayish-brown color, with short, pale, ringed hair. 
It is a native of China. Dr. J. E. Gray says, "The Earl of Derby has three kinds of these at 
Knowsley, but they breed together, and it has hence become impossible to discriminate the males 
from the original species." 
The Cariacou Deer, 0. nemoraUs, is the Gerf Blanc or Gerf des Paletuviers of Cuvier; 
Ghevreuil d^Amerigue of Daubenton ; Diche des Savannes of Bufibn, and is a native of the shores 
of the Mexican Gulf and of Guiana. 
