VERTEBKATA. 
FOSSIL ANIMALS RESTORED: MAMMOTH, HIPPOPOTAMUS, CAVE BEAKS, TIGERSj AND HXENAS. 
that region. One day lie saw among tbe blocks of ice a shapeless mass, but did not then discover 
what it was. In. 1800 he perceived that this object was more disengaged from the ice, and that 
it had two projecting parts, and toward the end of the summer of 1801 the entire side of the ani- 
mal and one of his tusks were quite free from ice. The summer of 1802 was cold, but in 1803 
part of the ice between the earth and the Mammoth, for such was the object, having melted more 
rapidly, than the rest, the plane of its support became inclined, and the enormous mass fell by its 
own weight on a bank of sand. In March, 1804, SchumachoflF came to his Mammoth, a-nd having 
cut off the tusks, exchanged them with a merchant by the name of Adams for goods of the value 
of fifty rubles. For some years the flesh of this animal was cut off for dog-meat by the people 
around, and bears, wolves, gluttons, and foxes fed upon it till the skeleton was nearly cleared of 
its flesh. About three-fourths of the skin, which was of a reddish-gray color, and covered with 
reddish wool and black hairs eight inches long, was saved, and such was its weight that it re- 
quired ten persons to remove it ; the bones of the head, with the tusks, weighed four hundred and 
sixteen pounds. The skeleton was taken to St. Petersburg, where it may be seen still in the Mu- 
seum of Natural History ; twenty-six pounds of the hair, which was secured, can also be seen. 
The height of the skeleton is nine and a half feet and the length of the body is sixteen feet. This 
animal must have been twice the size of the existing elephant, and weighed at least twenty thou- 
sand pounds! 
This species has received the name oi Elephas primigenius. Bones of this and many other ex- 
tinct elephantine animals, forming several species, are met with in different parts of the world ; 
they are found associated with the huge bones of the Hippopotamus major ^ the Cave Bear, Ursus 
Spelceus^ the Cave Hyena, Oanis Hycena Speloetcs, and an enormous tiger, Machairodus latidens. 
