in KoUtnghainshiro, Lincolnshire, &c. : Classes 2 and 3. 45 
Slieffield. Within the county milk ia taken to the towns and 
villages for sale once or twice a day to a much greater extent than 
it was a few years since, and this has been brought about by the 
lower prices offered at the factories. The price paid a few years 
since was 7c?. : now it is bd. or b\d. per gallon in summer. For 
this reason there is a greater disposition where possible to sell 
milk by retail in towns, where it realises 8c?. to 10c?. The price 
of 5c?. per gallon paid by factory-owners is not regarded as remu- 
nerative by the farmer, who is consequently induced to look out 
for a better market, and to take more trouble to supply it. On 
the other hand, cheese-makers cannot have a great margin of 
profit, even with milk at 5c?., when cheese at the factories sells at 
50*'. per cwt., and a good deal is sold at a still lower rate. Even 
for the finest quality of cheese the top factory price was lately no 
more than 52s. 6c?. 
An abundant supply of good milk in towns and cities must 
be regarded as a great benefit ; and the sale of milk has not 
nearly reached its limit of expansion. In the carriage and 
distribution of milk, numberless improvements have been sug- 
gested by experience, one of which is the destruction of the 
animal odour and heat by refrigeration. With enormous bene- 
fit alike to producer and consumer, the traffic may be still 
indefinitely extended. In London, with its four millions of 
people, the consuming power is practically unlimited, but it is 
capricious. On a Saturday or a Sunday, when working people 
are generally at home to breakfast, and similarly on a holiday 
or on a hot day in summer, when ices are in demand at every 
street-corner, any quantity of milk can be sold. To meet such 
contingencies a wholesale dealer in the metropolis will secure a 
factory situated conveniently near a railway station, whence 
he can order an extra quantity by telegraph. These special 
demands can be met by the factory by merely reducing the 
quantity of cheese made on that day. 
Rents. — There does not appear to have been any general 
reduction of rents in the county. Remissions of ten to twenty 
per cent, have been made by some of the large landowners ; and 
in some instances the remission has been much larger, even as 
much as fifty per cent, by small landowners. These remissions, 
however, have not been constant or uniform, and in some in- 
stances have been intermittent. 
On some large estates, such as those of the Duke of Rutland 
and Sir V. Crewe, rents have seldom been raised to old tenants 
or their families. On the Duke of Devonshire's estate, on the 
other hand, there have been valuations at intervals of about 
twenty-one years, and ia the prosperous times rents were 
