88 
tteport on the farm Prize Competition 
treated, the grain crops were obviously struggling against adverse 
conditions of soil and climate. 
Root crops are drilled on the ridge 23 to 24 inches apart ; 
cabbages are grown on the flat about 36 inches between the 
rows. The artificial manures used are chiefly Procter and 
Rylands', at the rate of 5 cwt. to the acre, sown broadcast on 
the top of the farmyard manure in the ridges before earthing 
up. The cost is 21. per acre. In addition to this, from 15 to 
20 tons of farmyard manure are applied per acre, with 5 or 6 
cwt. of salt, and on the heavy soil about 12 loads of ashes and 
night-soil. 
The cattle on the farm are shorthorns brought from York- 
shire. The object is to have good milkers, and at the same 
time animals that are likely to suit the butcher when they are 
done with for milking. Cattle from Yorkshire and the lime- 
stone land of Derbyshire are found most suitable for poor land, 
like that occupied by Mr. Milner. In May there were 37 
cattle, of which 19 milking cows, 3 feeding cattle, 1 bull, 8 
rearing calves, and 2 yearlings, together with 2 working horses, 
were pastured in the grass-fields. 
Mr. Milner has a high reputation for making Derbyshire 
cheese. About 2^ cwt. are made from each cow, and sometimes 
3 cwt. in a dry season, which is most suitable for the land. It 
is generally sold for about 70s. per cwt. Butter is made, and 
milk sold during winter and spring. The dairy is managed in 
the way described in the Journal for 1881, but more milk is now 
sold, the price of Q^cl. per gallon of four quarts, delivered on the 
premises without expense or labour, being regarded as satis- 
factory. 
Pigs are of the middle white breed, and numbered 19 on the 
farm in December. 
Mr. Milner, more than any other of the competitors, attends 
to the breeding of poultry. He had about 140 fowls, including 
Game, Plymouth Rocks, Dorkings, Leghorns, Brahmas, Bantams, 
and cross-breeds, besides a number of turkeys and ducks. It 
would be well if this minor, but none the less highly important, 
department were equally well managed on every farm. 
The cost of labour in 1887 was 139L 3s. 7cZ., or about II. lis. 
per acre. Most of the work is done by servants boarded in the 
house and engaged for the year. The head-man gets 18?. 10s., 
the horseman 121. to 14Z., a boy 4L to 71, and an extra servant 
from May till November U. to 71. Day-labourers get 2s. 6d. 
per day, or 15s. weekly, with food and beer. The weekly wage 
of labourers regularly employed on the farms in the district is 
from 11. to 11. 5s., without food or cottage. 
