Fiflij Years of Fruit Farming. 
171 
in this fasliiou with good results, and cherries are produced in 
abundance and of excellent quality from dwarf trees formed by- 
working upon the Mahaleb stock. 
Plantations are formed either of pyramids which are larger 
than the dwarf trees, or of the dwarf trees, planted separately in 
either case ; or of pyramids or dwarf trees, with fruit bushes 
between them. Where pyramids are put alone, three hundred 
trees are required per acre. At first the intermediate spaces 
yield vegetable and other produce. The trees, however, come to 
bear in the third year. Some growers have planted pyramids 
of apples and pears in alternate rows. 
If dwarf trees are set by themselves, about eleven hundred 
trees are required. This necessitates a large outlay for trees, 
but they bear fruit in the second year and should yield a con- 
siderable quantity in and after the third season. It is said that 
each of these trees would bear half a gallon in the third year, 
and that the fruit would be worth 14?., taking its value at 4s. net, 
and the total crop per acre seventy bushels. In the fifth year 
it is expected that the produce would be doubled, giving 281. 
per acre as the net value of the fruit. 
Some enthusiasts upon the subject of dwarf trees hold that 
the fruit plantations of the future will consist of standard trees 
placed thirty feet apart and dwarf trees planted under them at 
the rate of eleven hundred trees per acre. The first outlay here 
would be very large indeed, but there would be a quick return 
fi'om the dwarf trees. In six or seven years it would be neces- 
sary to take away the dwarfs immediately under the standards 
so as to leave the small trees twelve feet apart, which could be 
removed to form part of another plantation. It is asserted that a 
return of 120Z. per acre would be made from such a plantation. 
This might be done in exceptional circumstances, but such an 
estimate cannot be accepted as representing annual average 
returns. This method of planting is good. It has not been 
adopted in any important degree, but it has much to recom- 
mend it. 
For pyramids, or dwarf trees, the sorts that have been chiefly 
planted are : — Dessert : Gladstone, Duchess Favourite, "Worcester 
Pearmain, Yellow Ingestre, Duchess of Oldenburg, Lady Sudeley, 
Starmer Pippin, Peasgood's Nonsuch, Cox's Pomona, Cox's 
Orange Pippin, Irish Peach, Beauty of Kent, Baumann's 
Eeinette. Culinary : Keswick Codlin, Lord Grosvenor, Eck- 
linville, Manks Codlin, Golden Spire, the Queen, Small's Admir- 
able, Stirling Castle, Grenadier, New Hawthornden, Wellington, 
Stone's, Lord Derby, Bismarck, Winter Peach. The Blenheim 
Orange is also a good apple, and Warner's King. 
