182 The Composition of Mill- iwoduced on English Dairy Farms. 
the exception of farm D, a so-called winter dairy, the time of 
calving in this case extending over September, October, and 
November. 
The last diagram, on page 202, refers to milk produced 
by three distinct breeds of dairy cattle, viz. Shorthorn, Jersey, 
and Kerry cows, kept at the Company's estate near Horsham. 
Through the kindness of Mr. G. Mander Allender I am 
able to give the following details with regard to the management 
of the cows. The cows, as long as they are milked, are kept 
in well built, lighted, and ventilated sheds, affording 1,200 
cubic feet air space to each animal. During the year 1888 the 
diet per head per day consisted, of the following feeding 
materials : — 6 to 16 lbs. hay chaff; 13 to 30 lbs. brewers' grains ; 
6 to 10 lbs. meal (chiefly oatmeal) ; 3 ozs. salt ; further, from 
January to the end of May, and from the latter part of October to 
the end of December, 4 to 7 lbs. silage ; from February to August 
20 to 30 lbs. mangolds ; from June to October 20 to 30 lbs. 
green fodder. The rations are so distributed that a Shorthorn 
cow weighing on the average 12 cwt. receives 26 lbs., a Jersey 
cow, weighing on the average 7 cwt., receives 15 lbs., and a 
Kerry cow, weighing on the average 6 cwt., receives 13 lbs. of 
dry substance in her food per day. The cows are fed at 5 o'clock 
in the morning ; at 10 a.m. the mangers are swept clean and 
filled with water, which is kept turned on until 3.30 P.M., when 
it is run off to make room for another meal of food. At 
5 o'clock the mangers are swept again, the water is turned on 
and left so over-night. Milking is p^-oceeded with at 5 A.M. 
and 4 p.m. There is no particular time for the cows to calve, 
but it is arranged to have cows fresh in milk all the year round. 
A striking feature of the last diagram is the difference in 
the composition of morning and evening milk, which is much 
larger than in the case of any of the farms previously mentioned. 
With this difference in quality there is a corresponding very 
large difference in quantitj^, the proportion between morning 
and evening meal being 100 to 72. I can find no other reason 
for this exceptional occurrence but the fact that the animals are 
without solid food and are supplied with water from 5.30 p.m. 
to 5 a.m. As to the different breeds, the Shorthorns — pedi- 
gree and dairy cows — do not call for special comment. The 
Jerseys were sampled with sufficient frequency only during 
the time from May 1887 to April 1888: the enormous rich- 
ness of their milk is very interesting. As for the Kerrys, the 
high quality of their milk will, I expect, surprise many a dairy 
farmer. 
{Continned on pay e 185. 
