as Sahstitutes for Turnips. 
275 
it has sometimes been found advisable to utilise tlie land for 
the growth of a second crop of rye, or winter oats, to be fed off 
in spring with the mangolds, and, by placing the mangold clamps 
in straight lines at a considerable distance apart, very little of 
the land need be left uncropped the second time. There is also 
another system which some pi-efer to adopt — that of intermixing 
small quantities of kohl-rabi seed with the mangold seed in 
drilling, the first object being to make sure of having plants 
that will transplant well, should the season be so unfavourable 
as to cause the young mangolds to be set unevenly. But even 
if the young kohls have not to be transplanted into vacant 
places, a great many would be sure to be left ; and, in singling 
out, the aim is to leave a considerable number of them, it being 
considered that they do not injure the main crop. The man- 
golds go ahead and dwarf the kohls, very little being seen until 
the former are lifted and clamped in October ; but afterwards, 
having ample space for development, they revive and often 
attain a good size during winter, so that in spring, when the 
mangolds have to be fed off, the kohls supply a large amount 
of extra keep. 
Although crops best suited for heavy soils have been abun- 
dantly treated on in the preceding pages, nothing has been 
adduced respecting the possibility of finding substitutes for 
turnips in the barren heath districts, where scarcely anything 
meets the eye but beds of sands on which the culture of any 
kind of roots has always been considered extremely hazardous. 
Not only are there the Norfolk blowing sands, but the dismal 
tracts of Bagshot and extensive regions in the neighbourhood of 
the New Forest and on the borders of Poole Bay. Very evident 
must it be that treatment of an exceptional kind must be 
applied to land in such regions if anything is to be made of 
them. Mr. Clare Read has expressed his opinion very decidedly 
that nature intended them for rabbit-warrens, and the sooner 
they are returned to that condition the better. But Mr. Henry 
Woods has held out the hope that by cultivating crops best 
adapted to these lands and converting them to silage, their 
redemption from utter uselessness might be secured. 
No farm has come under my observation on which greater 
departures from ordinary systems of cropping have been adopted 
on one and all of the broad lines treated on in this paper, than 
that of the Aylesbury Dairy Company at Stammerham, Horsham, 
Sussex, under the able management of Mr. G. Mander Allender. 
The extent of land under occupation reaches altogether to 1,400 
acres, 600 being arable. Roots and green crops, irrespective of 
the grass rotation, usually range from about 122 to 145 acres, 
T 2 
