A))}lU>il I?qwrl fur I.^SS n/fJu^ rov.viHin'l Fiihrnolnr/isf. 305 
pale, nr yellowisli ia the mule ; and in tlie female the thighs also 
of the legs (or of the two hinder pairs) are pale or yellowish. 
There is a variety with darlier legs, which was also present. 
Looked at generally, these flies are very like the common onion 
flies. 
The maggots also are about twice as large as the frit mag- 
gots — legless, cylindrical, and whitish — and may he distin- 
guished by the peculiar form of the hinder extremit3\ This is 
furnished above with a pair of black spiracles, and below it pro- 
jects slightly and terminates in two broad, square-ended teeth, 
placed centrally with a bluntly-pointed tooth, and sometimes 
more, placed on each side of this central pair. 
The attack is one that may be observable early in the year ; 
but last season the great injury that was going forw^ard was 
reported about May 7, when I found the maggots were already- 
beginning to leave the plants and go into the earth, and from 
this time until about the 30th of the month I received samples 
almost daily. At this time they were turning to chrysalids, 
iVom which, however, the flies under observation did not come 
out until the beginning of July. 
The injury caused to the young wheat was to a serious 
amount up to complete failui'e, and in some cases .severe injury- 
was reported over large areas of country, especially in the Fens 
and near Warrington. 
So far as I learn frouT reports of 1888 and preceding years, 
this attack occurs especially on laud which has been fallowed 
in the previous summer, and amount of presence seems much 
affected by local conditions. 
In a field worked for turnips, and treated with lime, part, on 
which the crop was also dressed with farm manure, was much 
d:unaged, but on the rest (which was dressed with miul from a 
pond gone dry) nearly the whole of the wheat was killed ; also 
in another instance where the greater part of a field was treated 
with town manure, and the rest with mud from a dried pond, 
the crop on this last suffered so greatly that it could be told to 
a yard where the mud had been used. 
This wheat maggot was noted by several correspondents as 
occurring specially after swedes, and it has been observed as 
being much worse on the part of the field where the swedes had 
failed. Likewise it has been found that the tops of the ridges 
(that is, where the soil is the hollowest from the plough having 
thrown up the two ridges together from opposite directions) 
were more affected than the ridges below these, or in the 
bottom. 
It has also been observed as less injurious on headlands, like- 
