384 
A French Hards and Sorse Faif. 
a wider basis, resting more on public co-operatioh. I^liese 
establishments were suppressed by the Republican Government 
in 1790, and re-established under the First Empire in 1806. 
In 1831 a real impulse was given to French national horse- 
breeding, and the English thoroughbred horse was introduced. 
Soon afterwards the French Stud-book was by law established ; 
before this time the Arab was the type of the French light 
horses — I'arabe partout et toiijours. 
The Haras is the creature of the law ; there are now about 
twenty-one of these Government establishments in France, dis- 
tributed, but prevailing towards the horse-breeding countries of 
the West. They are generally studs of entire horses only ; one, 
however, Pompadour, is an Arab breeding establishment, with 
mares as well as horses ; and there are one or more such herma- 
phrodite establishments — that is to say, establishments which 
multiply within themselves. Tlie French official report for 
1887 clearly states the double mission of the Haras — to supply 
horses for agriculture and trade, and proper and sufficient horses 
for the army. In the spring there are 650 stations where stallions 
are placed ; the fees for service are small, averaging 5,s. 9d. of 
English money. Prizes to encourage breeding are also given at 
horse and agricultural shows, and at race-meetings, and in other 
ways ; still, the official cry is for more money. 
On January 1, 1887, there were 2.514 State stallions on the 
effective list, classified as under : — 
Thoi-ouglibrecl English 108 
Puie Arabian 125 
AiiL'-lo-Arabians 124 
Ilalf-Wds l,7Go 
Drauglit 30-2 
2,514 
Among the half-bred stallions, 106 were of the Norfolk type, 
born either in England or France. It is important to observe, 
as marking a reaction, that it is stated not one of the 246 stallions 
bought in 1887 was purchased in England ; home-bred French 
horses, thought good enough, had been produced in sufficient 
numbers. The foreign sales have increased ; exportation from 
France has largely increased ; they imported into that country, in 
1887, 10,212, and exported 34,518 horses. 48 mares per stallion 
is the average duty obtained ; this is a low average according to 
our experience, but then it is to be remembered these Fi'ench 
liorses do not travel, they stand at home. 781 English thorough- 
bred mares are mentioned out of a total of 118,344 mares, 384 
Anglo-Arabian mares ; and 46,292, about one half, were draught 
