L'cjiorl on llic Caiilc Exhibited at Wiiuhor. Glo 
historical information. But, witli the results of the labours of 
all the historians before us, we are still left in much doubt about 
the origin and date of origin of this now famous breed. Culley, 
writing in the latter part of the last century, on the authority 
of Mr. Ellman (understood to be Mr. EUman of Glynde),- 
describes the Hereford or Sussex as one breed, and his contem- 
porary, Marshall, classes as kindred breeds the Devon, Sussex, 
Hereford and Gloucester cattle, with the cattle of North Wales. 
From some old pictures and old descriptions it would seem that 
cattle called Herefords had not only mottled but even red faces 
sometimes, so that, whatever the source of the white face, that 
marking does not appear to have been from any ancient period 
a distinctive characteristic of the Hereford. From a passage 
quoted from Speed (date 1G27) it appears that more than 
two and a half centuries ago Herefordshire was noted for its 
cattle, as we read — " no place in England yieldeth more or 
better conditioned " (Tlistorij of Hereford Cattle, chap. 1). As we 
do not find any reference to the striking peculiarity of the white 
face, we may infer the probability that it had not then become 
a general mark of the breed. Whether it came with the 
improved properties derived from Lord Scudamore's importation 
from Flanders, some time before the year 1641 (authority, 
T. A. Knight), or from some other source, earlier or later, we 
have no decisive evidence ; and with regard to the speculation 
of Lawrence (1805) whether the white face of the Hereford 
came from the smoky-white face of the Montgomery breed, or 
rice versa, we may dismiss it with the I'emark that whole-red 
with a smoky red face — not ivhite — was always tlie distinctive 
colour of the pure old Montgomery breed. The weight of 
evidence seems to point to the Flemish cross as the probable 
source of the white face, and of some general improvement in 
the breed. 
Long before the close of the last century, the prevailing 
colour of the Hereford was red with white face and usually 
white points — ^such as the feet and lower parts of legs, the under 
]3art of the body, and a line of white along the top of the neck. 
Old writers describe the red as commonly faint or yellowish, 
and this paler colour is still often seen ; but the Americans have 
set the example of breeding for dark red, and this has been 
followed to a certain extent by English breeders. Grey, how- 
ever, was no uncommon colour from sixty to a hundred years 
ago, and two grey parents occasionally produced white offspring 
— a result to this day, when grey Herefords, now scarce, are 
lanited. 
When the Royal Agricultural Society of England began its 
