614 Jxejport on the Cattlo Exhibited at Winchor. 
work fifty years ago, red and grey were both orthodox colours, 
although the red was much the more common colour. An 
American authority, Mr. A. B. Allen, has recorded that in 1841, 
when he happened to be over in England, he saw at the Society's 
Show at Liverpool some grey Herefords, and was much struck 
with their beauty and excellence. The spotted or mottled face 
was re^iresented by a remarkable bull, " Masimus," from the 
Eoyal herd at Windsor, First winner in his class at the Battersea 
International Show, 1862. 
Enormous size was more an object of the earlier breeders 
than of those of recent years. The live weight of Mr. Thomas 
Jelfries's " Cotmore," the Premier bull at Oxford in 1839, was 
35 cwt. Those were the days of large oxen ; these are the days 
of ripe steers. The modern tendency, from the demands of 
trade, and favoured by the lessons of the Shows, is ever to 
prefer symmetry and early maturity to size and weight, if those 
could be gained only at the cost of extra time and extra food. 
The breeder and feeder both want what the town tradesman calls 
" quick returns." For this object the more compact frame, 
level distribution of muscle, and rapid fattening at an early age, 
have been preferred to the greater scale, more open structure, 
and heavier but slower development of former days. Having 
secured the main objects desired, the breeder next gives his 
attention to size, and he has this advantage, that the weight of 
his cattle is not so much due to bone as it used to be, whatever 
may be owed to fat. The proportion of fat to lean certainly 
does increase, while that of bone to fat and muscle combined 
diminishes in the present as compared with the former model. 
Both " Cotmore " and the cow which at Oxford was at the 
same time at the head of her Class had much of the " Hewer " 
strain of blood in them, the bull through his sire " Old Sove- 
reign" and his dam's sire "Lottery," and the cow, Mr. John 
Turner's " Spot," through her sire, a son of" Old Sovereign." The 
Prize cow in the following year at Cambridge, bred and exhibited 
by Sir Hungerford Hoskyns, was also a daughter of " Old Sove- 
reign." A son of " Cotmore," Mr. John Yeomans's " Royal," 
was the Royal Prize bull at Bristol in 1842 ; Mr. S. Aston's 
mottle-faced " Symmetry " was the " best bull " at Northampton 
in 1847, and Mr. Carpenter's " Coningsby," a descendant cf 
"Old Sovereign," at York in 1848. The Duke of Bedford, 
Earl Talbot, and Messrs. P. Morris, W. Perry, T. Sheriff 
(Coxall), E. Gough, C. Walker, and E. Williams were among 
the principal successful exhibitors of mature Herefords within 
the first decade of the Society's existence, and besides the 
names already mentioned, we find in a list which I once prepared 
