110 
Light-Land Farming. 
in drills of the ordinary depth. The braird is not so quick, but 
the pLants are more robust afterwards, and carry on their growth 
with greater vigour in autumn. With regard to bones, it has 
been found that they produce the best crops on light land when 
lying closely together in the drills and rather near the surface, 
by which moans their decomposition is greatly hastened. '1 hey 
are consequently either dibbled by a machine called a plumper, 
or sown in shallow drills by the hand. When deposited by a 
machine which sows the turnip-seed above, some farmers only 
ridge once ; but a double ridging is always preferable, as loosening 
the soil more effectually and producing a far better crop. 
Since the general introduction and use of these special manures 
in turnip husbandry, there is a much greater variety in the modes 
of applying farmyard dung. Some farmers prefer to lay on the 
latter in a full dose as far as tlie yards and boxes will afford, 
and to use special manures only when these have been emptied. 
Others, again, calculate the amount of manure which their farms 
will supply, and distribute this over the whole green-crop break, 
however thinly, and apply special manures along with it by way 
of supplement. This is undoubtedly the best plan wherever the 
land is not too steep or too distant from the farmyard ; but where 
any portion of the turnip-irm/i is high-lying, the former mode is 
practically the most convenient, the farm-yard dung being laid 
on the nearest fields, and the purchased manures applied to those 
further off. Whenever the turnip crop is raised by these manures 
alone upon high-lying or distant fields, a large proportion of it 
should be consumed on the spot, and a smaller proportion left on 
those fields which have been dunged from the courts and boxes. 
By adopting tliis plan on a hilly farm, labour will be lessened, 
and an equality of fertility maintained over the whole of it. 
The summer management of the turnip crop, on such soils as 
we have been treating of in this section, consists in drill-hoeing 
between the rows as soon as the plants are in the rough leaf, 
then hand-hoeing or singling these to distances varying from 9 
inches to a foot. A second hoeing is given some time after 
this, after which the plants, now beginning to bulb, are again 
hand-hoed and weeded ; and a third hoeing finishes the culti- 
vation of the crop. From two to three women are calculated 
to single an acre of turnips in a day of ten hours, and the same 
number will do two acres at the second hoeing. 
Second Year. — Cultivation of the Barleg Crop. — The land 
should always be ploughed as soon after the turnips are con- 
sumed as can be conveniently accomplished, for the purpose of 
preserving tlie teath or droppings of the sheep from being wasted 
by the air or washed off by rains. The furrow-slice should be 
as thin and shallow as possible, in order to keep the manure 
