Light-Land Farming. 
Ill 
near the surface. Very early ])lougliing is not considered 
advantageous to the succeeding crop of barley, as the land is apt 
to become hardened by long exposure to the drenching rains of 
winter and the droughts of spring. To avoid this casualty, some 
good farmers only half plough or rafter the early-fed land, 
then harrow it thoroughly in spring, and plougii it into broad 
stetches. Those who adopt the former method of clean-ploughing 
at first, and sowing on the stale or winter furrow, contend that a 
better quality of grain, and as much of it, are obtained than 
when the land is softened by a spring-ploughing ; while on the 
contrarv, those who practise the latter mode say, that a spring- 
ploughing for barley is a better preparation for the subsequent 
crop of grass. Both parties, however, agree that those portions 
of the land which are folded and ploughed in spring, produce a 
better crop than where these operations have been performed 
early in winter. Another and a very good plan is to plough in 
winter, scarifv or grub the land in spring, and then drill the seed 
with a maciiine ; or the seed may be sown on the winter furrow 
and then grubbed in. In either case a good tilth is obtained, 
while at the same time, if the weather be droughty at the time 
of sowing, the use of the grubber does not open up or dry the 
land so much as a clean ploughing. When the seed is drilled, 
8 or 10 pecks are sown ; and when scattered broadcast, from 3 to 
4 bushels are employed ; and the produce will average on a 
farm of medium quality of light land about 36 bushels per acre. 
Grass seeds, consisting of perennial ryegrass, white and yellow 
clovers, and sometimes a little cow-grass, are sown broadcast on 
the surface after the barley has been harrowed in and a good 
tilth obtained. It is a good plan to roll the land quite smooth 
before small seeds, and to harrow with light harrows made for 
the purpose. Tlie quantities of grass and clover seeds usually 
sown to an acre are 1 to n bushel of ryegrass, 4 lbs. of white 
clover, and 4 lbs. of yellow clover, for slieep pasture ; and for 
cattle, the same quantity of ryegrass, with 5 lbs. of white clover 
and 3 to 4 lbs. of cow-grass. 
Third and Fourth Years. — Grass. — A portion of the first 
year's grass on the best portions of the land is reserved for 
cutting glass and hay, and the remainder, with all the second 
year's grass, is pastured by sheep or cattle, or both. Where 
sheep only are kept, the breeding ewes and young lambs are 
put on the first year's grass, as being better for milk ; and the 
rearing stock, consisting of hoggets, is pastured on the second 
year's grass. Where cattle and sheep both are kept, the former 
occupy the better portions, and the latter the higher and more 
inferior fields. Six ewes with their lambs consume 2 acres of 
grass, or 10 hoggets, or 1 two-year-old ox. Upon a farm of 
