112 
Light-Land Farming. 
480 acres, farmed on the five-course shift, there will be 192 
acres of grass. About 40 acres of the first year's grass are cut 
once for hay and soiling, and about 150 acres pastured throughout 
the season. VV here a breeding stock of ewes are kept, but no 
cattle in summer, there will be grass for 240 ewes with their 
lambs, and for 320 hoggets. The after-grass of the hay is 
reserved for weaning the lambs on. The hoggets are put early 
on turnips, and fed off before New Year. From this it will be 
seen that the saleable produce from the flock of sheep consists 
of 5C)0 fleeces and 320 fat sheep. Two or three score of the 
best of the ewe hoggets are generally retained for breeding, but 
as a corresponding number of old fat ewes go off, the results will 
not be greatly different, although in our calculations we should 
suppose the whole of the hoggets to be sold fat at New Year. 
The stock of sheep at 1st October will consist of 240 ewes, 320 
lambs weaned, and 320 hoggets ready to be put on turnips. 
Fifth Year. — Oats. — This crop, which is sown after two-year- 
old lea, completes the rotation. The lea is ploughed from 
Christmas to the middle of February, and on very soft soils the 
press-roller is employed to consolidate the land and bury the 
sods more effectually. The seed is sown broadcast, about the 
middle or end of March, and covered by five or six strokes of 
the harrows, given in different directions, i.e., twice by the ridge, 
twice transversely or obliquely, and once or twice by the ridge 
again. The quantity of seed employed varies from 4 to 5 bushels 
per acre, and the produce from 5 to 6 quarters in average seasons. 
The annual produce and money value of a farm of 480 acres 
of light land, farmed on the five-course rotation, is nearly as 
follows. The turnip crop is supposed to be consumed one-half 
in-doors by cattle, and one-half in the fields by sheep : — 
96 acres of turnips at 4?. per acre £384 0 0 
9C ,, barley, 384 qrs. sold, or 4 qrs. per acre, after 
deducting seed, 26s 499 4 0 
150 ,, pasture grass, at 40s 300 0 0 
42 ,, hay and cutting grass, at 80s 168 0 0 
96 ,, oats at 5i qrs. per acre, after deducting seed, 
or 528 quarters, at 20s 528 0 0 
480 
Total £1879 4 0 
Credit is here given for the entire produce of the farm, both 
tis regards stock and corn sold off, and also for the grass, corn, 
and hay consumed by horses. We shall therefore place the whole 
of the expenses against the produce, premising, however, that 
90/. is the cost of paying and maintaining one man and a pair 
of horses for a year. This sum includes deteriorated value of 
horses, estimated at 3/. eacli annually, also smiths, saddlers, and 
joiners' work in repairing ploughs, harness, carts, &c. 
