Light-Land Farming. 
113 
Six pairs of horses and six plougliincn, at 90/. . . . £540 0 0 
One steward or overseer 40 0 0 
One shepherd 30 0 0 
One cattle-man 30 0 0 
Two lads _ . . 30 0 0 
Female w orkers' wages tor spreading manure, hoeing and 
pulling turnips, &c. ■ ^ ^ 
Reaping 192 acres of corn, at 8s. . ...... 76 U> 0 
Seeds jjurchased — clover, rye-grass, and turnip-seed . ^2 ,^ ^ 
Ten tons of guano, or an equivalent 97 10 
Rent and taxes, 480 acres at 30s 720 0 0 
Interest on capital and tenants' profit 214 18 0 
£1879 4 0 
On a farm of this description the quantity of manure made 
annually depends entirely on the proportion of turnips drawn off 
and consumed along with the straw. Where one-hall' of the crop 
is so consumed, the manure-making materials will be as follow : — 
Tons. Cwts. 
96 acres of barley, at 22^ cwts. straw jjcr acre, give :■ 107 15 
96 „ oats, at 27^ ,, „ . . 132 0 
30 „ hay, at 25" ., „ . . 37 10 
12 „ grass soiled, at 100 ., ,. . . 60 0 
48 ,, turnips, at 15 tons ,, . . 720 0 
Total 1056 15 
The consumption of these materials by cattle and horses, to 
Avhich may be added the corn consumed by the latter, which 
will amount to about 35 cwts. for each horse, or about 23 tons 
for 13 horses, will produce 866 tons of manure, which will 
furnish 9 tons per acre for the whole turnip crop ; and with the 
aid of 2 cwts. of guano or its equivalent, the produce may be 
safely calculated at 15 tons of roots per acre. By using oilcake 
in feeding both cattle and sheep there will be no direct gain, 
but the dung will be far richer, better crops will be the con- 
sequence, which will by-and-bye tell upon the manure heap, 
and instead of having only 9 tons per acre to apply to the turnip 
crop, the quantity may be raised to 15 tons per acre, and then 
the farm may be said to be almost self-supporting. If we can 
grow 20 tons of roots and 30 cwts. of straw per acre, instead of 
15 tons and 25 cwts. respectively, and also increase the clover 
crop in a corresponding ratio, the amount of manure-making 
materials on a farm of 480 acres would be raised to 1365 tons, 
which would yield, when consumed as food and litter, 1092 tons 
of dung, or more than 11 tons for every acre of green crop on the 
farm. A geiierous outlay should be made in the first place for 
extra manure, which, by forcing a bulky crop of turnips, affords 
the means of enlarging the dung-heap ; and this, again, being 
applied to the next crop, is itself productive of a still further 
increase; so that really the first outlay for extra manure is not 
VOL. XV. 1 
