as indicative of the Age of the Animal. 
355 
or less influence over their size and form. In pigs of "small 
breed," and especially wlien great care has been exercised to 
improve all their good and profitable points, and to lessen the 
amount of their " offal," the tush is always small. On the 
contrary, in our "large breeds," with long heads and coarse 
frames, this tooth acquires considerable dimensions. In the 
male of any breed it is larger than in the female. Castration 
invariably restricts the size of the tush, often rendering it even 
smaller in the castrated pig at 
eighteen months than in the entire 
male at twelve. The upper tush, 
too, is always shorter and broader 
than the lower, and when fully 
developed takes a different posi- 
tion from the lower, passing out- 
wards from t!ie jaw, with a gentle 
sweep backwards. See fig. 56. 
Besides the changes spoken of 
as marking nine months of the 
pig's age, an addition is made 
about this period to the number of 
the molars, by the cutting of the 
ffth tooth in position, or second 
permanent molar. To render the 
description more clear, I have 
added, as for the ox and slieep, an 
engraving of a dissected jav/, 
showing the condition of all the 
teeth — temporary and permanent 
— at ten months of age. This is 
the more required, as at the ages 
above stated many pigs are for- 
warded to our agricultural shows 
to compete for prizes. 
The letters m. i., and l. i., fig. 
51, denote the middle and lateral 
permanent incisors, which, Jjeing 
as yet uncut, are depicted as im- 
bedded in the jaAv, and covered by 
their membranous capsules. The 
corresponding temporary incisors 
are seen above them, protruding 
from their sockets and shortened 
* Fig. 51. One half of the lower jaw of a pig ten months old dissected to show 
tlie couditioa of the temporary and permanent teeth at that age. 
