Cultivation of Beans and Peas. 
485 
beans by liand twice, and after all the land was not cleaned noi' 
the crop improved so much as by the system mentioned. I 
also patronised the dibbling by the quantity of seed used per 
acre, but felt that tlsat was not the right method of ])lanting 
beans. There are also many of the same opinion still ; and 
some, who would rather abandon such a course, are scarcely 
certain that it would be right, or, if right, do not know how to 
go about the improved system. When labour was a drug in the 
market, it was a different thing to what it is now, when, instead 
of confining a man upon an acre for four or five days in dibbling 
beans, the drill must be used, preceded and followed by more 
judicious and economical management. 
By the still not uncommon method of cultivating beans, the 
expense stands nearly thus: — 
One ploutrhing- in winter . . . .£0 10 0 
One ditto in spring . . . . . 0 10 0 
One scarifying- . . . . .036 
Tour harrowiiigs . . . . .020 
Two hand-hoeings, say, only . . .076 
£1 13 0 
Cost of cultivation by judicious management , 14 4 
In favour of modern system . . * £0 8 8 
Such an account as that is partly imaginary and partly true, 
as where the horse-hoe is not used in many instances after the 
sowing of the seed, tlie previous cultivation is the same as the 
system recommended. On the other hand, instead of 7a-. per 
acre being paid for hand-hoeing, more than double that sum is 
frequently spent in hoeing and weeding together; and after all 
tlie land is left in a filthier state after the crop is harvested than 
before the seed was sown. 
All observant persons must have noticed how remarkably foul 
the majority of fields are allowed to become when cropped with 
pulse, and liow necessary it is that a better system should be 
generally followed, so that labour may be applied to the best 
advantage, and the earth be made to yield her full increase. 
I have dwelt so long upon the minutiae of cultivating the land 
for pulse, that I shall not say much alxnit the peculiarities of the 
different varieties of beans and peas. The common horse-beans, 
the mazagan, tlie Scotch, and tick beans, are the only kinds that 
I have had experience in growing, together with winter beans. 
The kinds of peas which I have grown are the early Warwick, 
the early Charlton, the marrowfat, and a large variety of pea 
named the Victoria. All these kinds are suitable for light soils, 
and for coming to early maturity. The Cliarlton pea is the most 
commonly cultivated when it is intended to succeed the crop by 
