488 Diminishing the Qnantity of Roots in Fattening Cattle. 
poor land, oi' that not containing much organic manure. I have 
also observed that thorough cultivation and a change of seed was 
favourable for the health of the bean and pea crops. 
Tlic Aphis vastator takes its name from a Greek Avord, which 
signifies a Inig, or blight-bug, which eats up the leaves of pulse, 
&c. Aphides of different shapes, sizes, and colours, are always 
in attendance where blight or mildew exists. I have assigned 
several reasons for the diseases of beans, some of which are 
beyond our control to prevent. Others, again, are induced by 
peculiarities of cultivation, which all have more or less in their 
power to avert. I would say, therefore, avoid the predisposing 
causes which induce disease, as we have not yet, nor are ever 
likely to have, any preventive for curing any complaint when 
once it has appeared. I know that last season I had 4 quarters 
of beans jier acre by attending to the remarks which are made 
in this paper, when very many near at hand had Init a few 
bushels of emaciated beans per acre. I shall not enlarge more 
on the subject of cultivating beans and peas than to say, that all 
my remai'ks are based on practice, and that it would have been 
a great advantage had I known and believed a dozen years ago 
what I am thoroughly convinced of now. 
XX. — On Diminishing the Quantity of Roots used in Fattening 
Cattle. By Charles Lawrence. 
The feeding of bullocks has been of late much discussed in the 
agricultural journals and elsewhere. It is singular that such a 
variety of opinion, sucli a diversity of practice, and so great a 
difference in expense, should exist at the present day on a sub- 
ject of every year's experience from time immemorial, and that 
by thousands of agriculturists. Amongst an eminently practical 
people, as we are reputed to b», it would have been a natural 
presumption that the mode and cost of feeding a bullock in the 
shortest time, and on the most economical plan, would be as well 
established as any proposition whatever ; the only deviation 
being the time required for the, operation ; and this would de- 
pend on the age, the breed, and the condition of the animal put 
up. Had this been the occupation of the merchant or manufac- 
turer, instead of the farmer, such a discrepancy would not have 
existed at this day. Hitherto, exact experiment, carefully 
noting weight, measure, cost of food, &c., has not been an attri- 
bute of the farmer. Such alone will furnish a sound foundation 
for reliable practice, for whic h Mr. Lawes has set us an admirable 
example. 
