Shorthorns  in  Scotland  and  Ireland. 
91 
herds.  The  Kinnellar  herd  was  established  in  1847  by  the  purchase  of  two 
heifer-calves  at  the  Ury  sale.  In  subsequent  years  it  was  enlarged  by  selections 
from  local  herds,  as  well  as  from  that  of  Mr.  Betts,  Preston  Hall.  It  now 
numbers  about  120  bead,  and  from  it  a great  many  very  useful  animals  have 
gone  to  various  parts  of  the  north-east.  Among  the  sires  used  have  been 
Mr.  Bichard  Booth’s  “Sir  Christopher”  (22,895),  by  “General  Hopewell” 
(17,953);  “Under  Sheriff”  (32,745),  bred  at  Peepy  and  got  by  the  War- 
laby  sire  “High  Sheriff  ” (2G, 392)  ; and  “ British  Prince  ” (33,228),  bred  by 
Mr.  Lambert,  Ellington  Hall,  Hexham.  “ Sir  Christopher  ” was  the  first 
Warlaby  sire  used  in  Aberdeenshire  ; but,  like  the  Bates’  bulls  used  at 
Ury,  Shethin,  and  Eden,  he  did  not  “ nick  ” so  happily  with  the  northern 
cows  as  did  the  home-bred  bulls.  Mr.  Campbell’s  first  public  sale  took  place 
in  1857,  when  eight  young  bulls  brought  an  average  of  43?.  16s.  Id.  Since 
then  his  annual  crop  of  bulls  has  been  disposed  of  at  public  sales,  and  prices 
have  averaged  from  thirty  to  forty-three  guineas  per  head.  The  prices  lately 
have  been  rather  lower  than  formerly. 
The  Uppermill  herd,  founded  in  1857  by  purchases  from  the  local  herds  at 
Little  Methlick,  Shethin,  and  Mountblairy,  and  at  Mr.  Chrisp’s  sale  at 
Alnwick,  Northumberland,  now  numbers  upwards  of  100  head,  and  has  had 
an  exceedingly  useful  career.  A great  many  excellent  animals  have  gone  from 
Mr.  Man’s  herd  to  various  districts  in  Scotland,  as  well  as  to  America  and 
elsewhere  abroad ; and  wherever  they  have  appeared  they  have  been  highly 
appreciated.  Well-bred  sires  bave  generally  been  used,  the  most  successful  of 
all  having  been  the  fine  Keavil  “Seraphina”  bull,  “Heir  of  Englishman” 
(24,122).  This  animal  proved  one  of  the  best  sires  ever  brought  to  the 
north  of  Scotland ; and  when  his  produce  at  Uppermill  were  in  their  prime, 
Mr.  Marr’s  herd,  in  respect  to  average  merit,  had  few  equals  in  the  country. 
The  “ Heir  ” was  succeeded  by  his  son,  “ Young  Englishman  ” (31,113),  also  a 
prize-winner  and  a tolerably  good  sire ; and  a few  years  afterwards  a fresh  dash 
of  “ Seraphina  ” blood  was  infused  through  the  light-roan  bull  “ Cherub  4th” 
(3359),  purchased  from  Lord  Sudeley  for  200  guineas.  “Cherub  4th,”  how- 
ever, as  a sire,  did  not  equal  his  illustrious  relatives  that  had  preceded  him 
at  Uppermill.  The  number  of  bulls  bred  every  year  averages  about  thirty 
head.  They  are  disposed  of,  when  from  six  to  eight  months  old,  at  public 
sales  in  Aberdeen  in  spring  and  autumn,  and  are  bought  chiefly  by  northern 
farmers,  to  whom  they  have  done  much  good  service.  The  average  price 
I obtained  is  about  30?.  a head.  A few  of  the  best  bulls  have  been  exported  to 
America  and  Australia,  at  prices  exceeding  100  guineas  each. 
The  Gordon  Castle  herd,  it  may  be  mentioned,  was  established  in  1843  by 
the  late  Duke  of  Richmond,  for  the  purpose  of  facilitating  the  improvement  of 
fthe  cattle-stock  in  that  part  of  the  country.  The  herd  has  ever  since  been 
maintained  for  the  same  laudable  object,  the  present  Duke  having  taken  up 
heartily  the  excellent  work  begun  by  his  noble  father.  Annual  sales  of  pure- 
bred cattle  and  sheep  have  been  held  regularly  at  Gordon  Castle  since  1843, 
and  through  these  the  surrounding  districts  have  derived  much  benefit. 
APPENDIX  II. 
Introduction  and  Spread  op  Shorthorns  in  Ireland. 
Although  the  history  of  systematic  Shorthorn  breeding  in  Ireland  may  be 
said  to  date  from  1829,  a good  many  small  and  isolated  importations  of  Im- 
proved Shorthorn  cattle,  chiefly  bulls,  had  been  made  before  that  date.  These 
arly  introductions  did  much  good  in  their  way,  and  it  cannot  be  doubted  that 
