156 
Dairying  in  Denmark. 
1.  Dairy  Cattle. — In  Denmark,  as  now  restricted  in  area, 
the  only  native  breed  is  the  black  and  white  Jutlander,  which 
combines  a certain  adaptability  for  feeding  purposes  with  a con- 
siderable share  of  dairy  properties.  This  breed  is  very  gene- 
rally met  with  in  that  part  of  the  Cumbrian  peninsula  which  is 
still  included  in  the  Kingdom  of  Denmark,  but  it  is  rarely 
seen  on  the  Danish  islands.  The  dairy  breed,  par  excellence , 
is  the  Angeln,  the  original  home  of  which  was  in  North 
Schleswig ; and  until  the  separation  of  the  Duchies  from  Den- 
mark, it  also  could  properly  be  termed  a native  race.  But  although 
the  original  home  of  the  breed  has  been  separated  from  the  little 
kingdom  the  Angeln  cattle  have  for  very  many  years  been  almost 
the  only  breed  kept  on  the  Danish  islands,  where  dairy-farming, 
in  the  form  of  “ high  dairying,”  as  it  may  be  termed,  attains  its 
highest  development.  A somewhat  coarse  variety  of  the 
breed  is  said  to  be  indigenous  to  the  island  of  Fyen,  and  many 
agriculturists  give  to  it  the  distinction  of  a separate  name  taken 
from  its  island  home. 
The  Angeln  cattle,  when  pure,  are  self-coloured  ; either  more 
or  less  light  or  dark  red,  the  muzzle  being  of  a much  darker 
hue  than  the  rest  of  the  head.  In  size  and  conformation  they 
approach  most  nearly  to  the  Jerseys  or  Alderneys.  A com- 
plete description  of  the  breed,  with  illustrations,  will  be  found 
in  my  previous  report  on  the  Agriculture  of  Denmark.*  English- 
men had  an  opportunity  of  seeing  some  excellent  specimens  of 
this  and  the  Jutland  breed  at  the  Royal  Agricultural  Society’s 
International  Show  at  Kilburn,  in  1879,  but  I am  not  aware  that 
their  adaptability  to  our  climate,  and  other  circumstances,  was 
tested  by  purchases  made  on  that  unique  occasion. 
On  dairy-farms  calves  are  seldom  allowed  to  suck  their  dams  ; 
in  fact,  there  must  be  some  very  unusual  circumstance  to 
account  for  this  system  being  practised.  Formerly  all  the  calves, 
except  about  10  per  cent,  of  the  heifers,  were  slaughtered  imme- 
diately after  birth  ; but  now  a more  enlightened  system  is  gaining 
ground,  and  a fearful  waste  of  meat  is  therefore  being  slowly 
diminished.  Calves  get  whole  milk  for  four  or  five  days  or  even 
a week,  and  afterwards  those  that  remain  get  skim-milk  with  a 
diminishing  proportion  of  whole  milk  up  to  two  or  three 
months,  by  which  time  meal  has  gradually  been  substituted  for 
a portion  of  the  skim-milk.  They  are  generally  kept  in  the  cow- 
house until  they  are  over  a year  old  ; thus,  being  calved  in  the 
winter  months — November  to  March  inclusive — they  would  not 
be  turned  out  much  until  May  of  the  following  year,  when  they 
could  be  properly  classed  as  yearlings.  Most  of  the  smaller 
Journ.  Royal  Agric.  Soe.,  2nd  scries,  vol.  xii.  pp.  3-14  et  seq. 
