591 
Report  on  Implements  at  York. 
milk.  Underneath  the  trough  is  a drainer  for  the  pans.  The 
actual  apparatus  exhibited,  and  the  prices,  are  as  follows  : — 
£ s.  d. 
Boiler,  hot  cylinder,  and  service  pipes,  estimated  value  20  0 0 
Three  milking  pails,  at  os.  6c?.  0 16  6 
Two  milk  churns,  at  25s 2 10  0 
Four  revolving  disc  stands  complete,  each  holding  6 
(4-gallon)  pans 8 8 0 
Twenty-four  block-tin  pans,  at  2s.  6d 3 0 0 
One  hair-sieve  strainer  and  ladder 0 3 6 
One  skimmer  006 
Three  cream  crocks,  at  2s.  Qd 0 7 6 
Diaphragm  Churn  (40  quarts)  made  of  American  maple  4 15  0 
Two  wooden  hands  for  butter-making 0 2 0 
Albany  Butter-worker  and  Dairy  table 5 0 0 
Can  for  receiving  butter-milk  . . 0 12  6 
Butter  board  02  6 
„ print  0 19 
Weight  and  scales  046 
Two  Thermometers 030 
Brushes,  mops,  &c 0 6 0 
Wash-up  trough  and  drainer 2 10  0 
Total  £49  3 3 
The  Judges  were  pleased  with  the  fittings  and  apparatus  of 
the  Dairy  so  far  as  they  went,  but  inasmuch  as  the  manufacture 
stopped  short  at  the  production  of  butter,  and  no  attempt  was 
made  to  deal  with  the  skim-milk — a very  important  item  of 
revenue — it  was  clear  that  one  of  the  main  conditions  of  the 
competition  was  omitted.  Mr.  Bradford’s  explanation,  that  he 
proposed  to  use  the  skim-milk  for  calves  and  pigs,  did  not 
improve  matters  ; as  though  in  the  spring  of  the  year  calves  can 
be  obtained,  and  may  be  reared  profitably  on  skim-milk,  the 
latter  being  worth  4c?.  a gallon  for  this  purpose,  there  are  long 
periods  in  summer  and  autumn  when  much  of  the  produce  of 
twenty  cows  would  find  its  way  into  the  pig-troughs,  when  it 
will  not  pay  half  that  sum.  It  is  probable  that  Mr.  Bradford’s 
trade  lies  amongst  those  who  are  able  to  bring  up  calves  all  the 
year  round ; but  in  the  great  dairy  districts  of  the  Middle  and 
South-West  of  England,  the  disposal  of  skim-milk  as  cheese, 
or  in  some  other  manner,  is  a matter  of  such  vital  importance 
to  a profitable  issue,  that  its  omission  by  Mr.  Bradford  was 
regarded  as  a very  serious  defect  in  the  completeness  of  his 
exhibit.  The  building  was  very  well  designed,  but  the  working- 
room  was  certainly  small,  and  it  would  have  been  more  con- 
venient as  well  as  more  airy  if  all  the  work  had  been  carried 
out  in  one  large  room. 
Mr.  Ahlborn,  of  Hildesheim,  Hanover,  placed  his  exhibits 
