Report on Miscellaneous Implements at Shrewsbury, ^c. 23 
a clearer idea of this part of the harrow would be given by saying that the 
crusher and leveller is simply an upward and forward extension of the front 
coulters, with a supplemental crushing spur thrown in between each pair of 
coulters. Being rigid, it does not conform to uneven surfaces, but, on the 
contrary (owing to the absence of yielding joints), tends to conform (level) 
uneven surfaces to itself, and serves to grind down the lumps. 
To the rear of the crushing and levelling bar is hinged a tooth-bar, which is 
provided with another series of cast steel coulter-teeth, which are made of 
the best quality of cast steel (manufactured expressly for the purpose), are 
curved and bevelled to a sharp edge, are polished, and are set at an angle 
with the line of draft and also at an angle with the horizon. 
Their peculiar form and the manner of their attachment to the implement, 
in double rows with reverse curves, secure a right and left, intersecting, 
uplifting under-cut, which ensures the cutting over of the entire surface of 
the ground, and at the same time lifts and turns the soil 
Thus the soil is subjected, first, to the action of the crusher and leveller ; 
second, to the cutting, lifting, turning process of double rows of steel 
coulters. 
A lever within reach of the driver, which is held in position by means of a 
ratchet, enables the operator to control the position of the crusher, and at the 
same time raise or depress the coulters to regulate the depth 'of work, so that 
any boy competent to manage a team can operate the harrow with ease. 
Mr. Thomas Briggs, of Millstone Darwen, Lancashire, exhi- 
bited three Carts — one with the usual appliances of harvest-rails, 
etc., for agricultural purposes ; another suitable for contractor 
or estate agent ; and a light cart, for market purposes — all fitted 
with Briggs's Patent Noiseless Brake, which, the maker states, 
*' takes all the weight off the horse's back and effectually applies 
the brake when going down hill, and, by reversing the same 
handle, puts an unlimited weight on the horse's back when 
going up hill without applying the brake." The Judges had 
the contractor's cart loaded with about 40 cwt. of stones, with a 
horse in the shafts. It was not possible to test the adjustment of 
the load by going up and down hill, but, by turning a small 
handle with one hand, the weight of the load was readily trans- 
ferred from the back-band to the belly-band, or vice versa. The 
power to make such an adjustment must be a great advantage in 
hilly districts. The price is 231. 10s. 
Messrs. Marshall and Co., of Leeds, Yorkshire, exhibited 
Twines for Sheaf-binding Machinery. Twine is manufactured 
to measure 700 feet to the lb., and the Judges found that it 
lifted over 200 lbs. The price is SI. per cwt. 
Messrs. George Llewellin and Son, of the Churn Works, Haver- 
fordwest, exhibited a Patent Triangular Revolving Churn. This 
churn is of a triangular or three-sided form, without dashers or 
any internal arrangement whatever, consequently easy to clean. 
The sides of the churn give sufficient concussion to the cream 
to make butter in the shortest time consistent with the greatest 
production. This churn was moved into the working dairy for 
