'46 Report on Miscellaneous Implements at Shrewsbury, ^c. 
cleansing care must be taken that the spindle on the cylinder is not knocked 
about or bent. If the machine is kept clean, and free from dust, sand, &c., 
no wear and tear will be observed for some years, and any part can then be 
renewed at a very trifling cost. If the ends of the spindle and bottom screw- 
should wear down, one of the small iron washers on the screw can be taken 
off, thereby raising the spindle. 
" The machine and utensils used cannot be kept too clean, and cleanliness 
will secure a much superior cream." 
If required to be cooled, the skim-milk, although delivered into a milk- 
chum on the level of the floor of the dairy, can be automatically lifted and 
cooled by means of Dr. Bond's "Siphon-tank and Kefrigerator," which is 
thus described by the inventor : 
Article 13. — The Siphon Tank is a galvanized iron vessel, holding from 50 
■ gallons upwards ; its upper border should not be more than 4 feet 6 inches from 
the ground, so as to allow of water being easily lifted into it by hand. 
The Refrigerator is a circular vessel 18 inches in diameter, and from 12 inches 
in height upwards, which may be placed to stand on the top of any convenient 
support, according to the height of the churn or other vessel to be filled from it. 
' It consists of three or more lenticular chambers placed on and communicating with 
one another ; with an outlet and inlet, by means of which water can be passed 
through its interior whilst the milk or other liquid to be cooled flows over the 
exterior ; and with a special internal arrangement by means of which the water 
is made to circulate through the interior in such a way as to obtain the best 
possible results from it. The water required for this purpose is conveyed by 
• means of an elastic tube from the Siphon Tank, close to which the Refrigerator 
stands, and a second elastic tube carries it away to the level of the bottom of the 
• tank outside, where it may be allowed to waste or be collected for use again. 
"Wbere a tank already exists, or whore water is laid on by liigh-pressure supply in 
pipes, the Refrigerator may be used without the tank, being coimected directly 
with the tank or pipes. 
It is frequently desirable that skim-milk or separated milk should be 
kept sweet for a considerable time, and under such circumstances it has been 
found necessary to warm it immediately after it has been skimmed and 
separated. For this purpose the newly devised Lawrence's Heater wiU be 
used if required. It is thus described by the manufacturers : 
Article 14. — An Improved Patent Apparatus for heating milk to or from a 
■ Separator, to treat 400 gallons per hour. Manufactured by Lawrence & Co., 
Limited, 22, St. Mary Axe, London, E.G. Price III. complete. 
The cream in this section of tlie Separator-Dairy is churned sweet, but 
it is entirely a matter of convenience as to arrangement and management 
whether it is obtained from the Laval or from the Nielsen and Petersen 
Separator. 
The butter h.aving been taken from the chum and carefully pressed with 
wooden " hands," it is placed in the " hardening box " preparatory to its final 
working by Bradford's " Springfield" or his " Albany" Butter-worker. 
The Farm Dairy. 
In this dairy the sweet cream is obtained by placing the milk as soon as 
it arrives in deep cans plunged in a mixture of ice and water. The cream is 
^ skimmed every night, and butter is made with it next morning. 
Milk is also set in shallow pans and skimmed the next morning, after 
'having stood about 22 hours. It is then kept 24 hours to ripen. 
A Lawrence's refrigerator is used for cooling the skim-milk. 
