Franco- Sioiss Dairy-Farming . 
95 
Eeturns ; — 
100 cattle at 20 francs 2000 
11,290 Ibfs. cheese, at G8 centimes .. 7677 
20 pigs at 75 francs 1500 
Total 11177 
Xct return 1912 francs 
equal to 76/. 9s. Id. 
The amodier of this chalet had five cows of his own, for the 
use of which, had he not been an amodier himself, he would, 
have received three hundred francs from another lessee. 
The above may be considered the average profit on a chalet 
with 173 head of cattle for the four summer months. To a 
certain extent American competition reduced the price of pork, 
but last year the pork market recovered itself. The Swiss have, 
during the last few years, made great efforts to improve their 
pigs, and much English blood has been introduced, — the York- 
shire breed seeming to be the favourite. 
The produce and annual value of a cow are as follows : — 
M. Aime Sens, at Belle Ferme (Celigny), with well-bred 
cattle, fed on hay from good pasture irrigated during dry 
weather and fertilised from a stable-refuse tank about November 
each year, obtains on an average 2555 litres (567^ gallons) in 
the year, equal to seven litres per day. 
Peasants' cattle, however, give much less, and the total pro- 
duce in milk of one of their good cows is about 1800 litres 
(400 gallons) per annum, and then the cows are fed with a 
certain quantity of sesame cake in the winter. It will thus be 
seen that the yield of the cows is not very great. 
For the hire of a cow during the mountain season she will 
average 60 francs (485.) ; her calf, when three weeks old, will 
also generally fetch 60 francs, and if she is only a tolerably 
good cow she will make 200 lbs. of cheese, which, at 65 centimes, 
equals 130 francs (5/. 4s.) ; for milk given to the young pigs, 
the butter she produces, and milk sold, 100 francs (4Z.) may be 
put down as a fair value, making up a total of 350 francs (14Z.), 
or about 9^(f. a day. This represents the daily value of a cow 
in the country on the French side. On the Swiss side, where 
the milk is actually sold to the dairyman, the accounts stand 
somewhat like this ; 1800 litres at 13^ centimes gives 243 
francs ; add to this 60 francs for the calf, and we have a total 
of 303 francs (12/. 2s. 6(/.), or almost the same as with the 
French. 
All the milk from the cows is not handled in the same way. 
At times more than I have mentioned is given to the young 
pigs, or the cow is not sent to the mountains for the summer, or 
