Population of England and Wales, o/'1871 and 1881. 105 
and of their labourers. Further, we find that in each of the 
9 following English counties, viz. Cheshire, Devonshire, 
Durham, Essex, Gloucestershire, Herefordshire, Huntingdon- 
shire, Leicestershire, and iMonmouthshire, the difference between 
the decrease in the numbers of farmers and the decrease in 
the number of labourers was less than 1 per cent. 
In several English counties, however, we find a very marked 
difference between the percentages of decrease in the numbers 
of the farmers and of the labourers : thus, in the county of 
Rutland the labourers' decrease is only "7 per cent., but the 
farmers' 10*4 per cent. ; in that of Hertford the labourers' 
decrease is 10"3 per cent., but the farmers' 19 8 per cent. ; in 
the extra-metropolitan parts of the county of Middlesex the 
labourers' decrease is 5 o per cent., but the farmers' 17 2 per 
cent. ; in the extra-metropolitan parts of the county of Surrey 
the labourers' decrease is 11-6 per cent., but the farmers' 22*3 
per cent. ; in the county of Worcester the labourers' decrease is 
o l per cent., but the farmers' 9*9 per cent. ; and in the West 
Riding of Yorkshire the labourers' decrease is 2*9 per cent., 
but the farmers' ll-l per cent. Conversely, in Cornwall the 
farmers' decrease is 2 per cent., but the labourers' 9 per cent.; 
in Cumberland the farmers' decrease is 4*6 per cent., but the 
labourers' 12*4 per cent. ; in Derbyshire the farmers' decrease is 
5*7 per cent., but the labourers' 10 per cent. ; in Dorsetshire 
the farmers' decrease is 5'1 per cent., but the labourers' 12 7 
per cent. ; in Northumberland the farmers' decrease is 8*6 per 
cent., but the labourers' 15"8 percent. ; in Somerset the farmers' 
decrease is 8 4 per cent., but the labourers' 15 '6 per cent. ; in 
Westmorland the farmers' decrease is 3'9 per cent., but the 
labourers' 13*2 per cent. ; and in Wilts the farmers' decrease 
is 7*4 per cent., but the labourers' 1(V8 per cent. 
Lastly. — Did the decrease affect the counties in which any 
special kind of farming was carried on more than the others ? 
Or had any and what change been made in the farming of the 
counties most or least affected ? Or did the counties in any 
particular geographical position suffer more or less than the 
others ? Or, in short, was there any special circumstance to 
which we can attribute the greatest or the least decreases ? It 
seems tolerably clear that the decrease in the number of 
farmers was greater in the 21 Eastern or corn-growing counties 
of England than in the 21 Western or grazing counties. And 
it we divide the counties into the three classes of " Corn - 
growing," " Pastoral," and " Mixed Pastoral and Corn-growing," 
as they are sometimes divided in the Official Agricultural Re- 
turns, we find that the decrease in the number of farmers was 
above the average in each of the five counties which are classi- 
fied under the first of those divisions, that is to say, in Cam- 
