142 Report on Agricultural Education. 
It must be remembered that education is strictly compulsory 
in Wiirtemberg. Every boy must remain at a school of some 
kind until he is 14 years of age. Again, if he leaves a regular 
school at 14, he is compelled to continue his education up to 18 
by attending a school established for this special purpose. 
Originally this was a Sunday-evening school, the instruction 
given in which was partly general and partly agricultural ; but 
the parish authorities haA e lately been empowered to do away 
with such Sunday-evening school, on condition that they esta- 
blished a winter school in its place, with compulsorv attendance 
thereat on two evenings of each week during the six winter 
months. 
Moreover, a series of voluntary improvement schools, where 
theoretical agriculture is a leading feature, has also been organised. 
No less than 13,119 scholars attend the obligatory winter 
evening schools, and 2200 have already entered the voluntary 
improvement schools. This prosperous little kingdom, more- 
over, supports twenty-eight farmers' clubs, and travelling lecturers 
also give courses of instruction somewhat on the lines indicated 
above, 
Speciai. Schools. 
Dairy Schools. — Of the special schools for the teaching of 
either theoretical or practical arts connected with agriculture, 
the most interesting will probably be those connected with the 
dairv. The most celebrated school of this kind is at Raden, in 
the Grand Duchy of !Mecklenburg-Schwerin. The course of 
instruction here is given entirely to young men and extends over 
six months ; the pupils number six at a time, and, therefore, 
twelve may be taught every year. They pay 11, \Qs. for the six 
months' instruction, with board and lodging in the farm of 
Raden, and the Ritterschaft of the Grand Duchy provide a sub- 
vention of 325/. per annum. The pupils are compelled to work 
in the dairy like the paid labourers ; they must be at least 18 
years of age, and have had some previous experience in dairying. 
In addition, however, to the resident pupils, there are about 
twenty-five out-students, or " kospitanten," who provide their own 
board and lodging. These need not perform manual labour, and 
they can stay for a few days or for some months on payment of 
very moderate fees. The practical instruction in this dairy is 
excellent ; there are demonstrations, which include the making 
of whole-milk cheese on the systems of Emmenthal (Gruyere), 
Tilsit, Gouda, and other districts ; also cheese from ewes' milk, 
and skim-cheese in the Swiss and Tilsit manner. Theoretical 
instruction is also given daily in a lecture of one hour's duration 
by the director of the establishment, Professor Fleischmann. 
Great attention is paid to book-keeping and to the principles of 
