284 
Canadian Agriculture. 
employed, and in winter about half this number ; but of course 
as the acreage under crop is year by year enlarged, the number 
of labourers must correspondingly increase. The hours of work 
are from 7 A.M. to 6 P.M., with one hour out. The summer 
labourers' wages are at the rate of 2>Qs. a week, and all found ; 
while the permanent labourers get a cottage and one acre of land 
free with 365. a week in summer, and 305. a week in winter. 
There are five foremen, — a first foreman, who gets 52s. a week, 
and all found, and four head foremen who get 405. a week each, 
and all found. The farm is worked in five divisions, known as 
the central, and the north, the south, the east, and the west, 
respectively. At half-past eight o'clock each evening Major 
Bell telephones from his residence the orders for the ensuing 
day, and, as these are heard by all the foremen, the possibility 
of confusion or misconception is very slight. 
With the 35 Deering's self-binding reapers already mentioned, 
it was found practicable to cut 800 acres of wheat per day, so 
that, at this rate, the entire 7000 acres could be cut in nine 
working days. The average yield of wheat in 1883 was 
20 bushels per acre ; for 1884, it was estimated that the yield 
would reach an average of 25 bushels. The cost of growing 
wheat in 1883 was I5. Q\d. per bushel ; in 1884, the cost was 
estimated to be not more than I5. h\d. per bushel, or II5. 6(/. 
per qr. Major Bell said he believed he could grow wheat and 
place it on the wharves at Liverpool at about 235. per qr. This 
price included 8 per cent, interest on the capital involved, and 
anything above this figure, realised at the time of sale, would 
represent profit. This result is in accordance with the fol- 
lowing statement, which is, of course, open to criticism : — 
Estimated Cost of growing a Bushel (GO lb.) of Wheat on the Bell Farm. 
s. d. 
Horses 0 2J 
Labour 0 3J 
Maintenance of Labourers 0 
Sundries, including Seed, Implements, Deprecia- 
tion, and 8 i)er cent, interest on Capital .. .. 0 9i 
1 5} 
This is equivalent to II5. Qd. per qr. of 480 lbs., and includes 
the cost of delivery upon the cars at Indian Head Railway 
Station, from whence to Liverpool is a distance of about 5000 
miles. The freight-rate from Indian Head to Liverpool is at 
present II5. per qr., thus bringing up the value of the wheat at 
Liverpool to 225. '6d. per (jr., this price including, as already 
stated, 8 per cent, interest on capital. 
