JOURNAL 
OF THE 
ROYAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 
OF ENGLAND. 
XVI. — Canadian xlgriculture. Part II. — The Eastern Provinces. 
By Professor W. Fream, B.Sc. Lond, F.L.S,, F.G.S., College 
of Agriculture, Downton, Salisbury. 
Introduction. 
Eastern Canada, comprising Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime 
Provinces, is much better known in England than the great 
prairie region to the west, and it does not therefore appear 
necessary to enter, other than briefly, into the physical features 
of the older Provinces. The climate of Canada does not in 
different parts vary so much as might be anticipated when the 
great geographical range of the Dominion is considered. There 
appear, however, to be seven definable belts or zones of climate, 
each tolerably distinct in its temperature, rainfall, and general 
meteorological characters : (1) the extreme eastern, embracing 
Newfoundland and part of Quebec; (2) the Gulf area, in- 
cluding Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, and part of New 
Brunswick ; (3) the St. Lawrence area, embracing the Province 
of Quebec ; (4) the Lake region, including Ontario and Hudson 
Bay south ; (5) the great inland or prairie region extending 
over Manitoba and the North- West Territories ; (6) the Rocky 
Mountains ; (7) the Pacific range. 
The following remarks on climate refer chiefly to Eastern 
Canada : — * 
" Owing to the dry, clear, bracing atmosphere which generally prevails, 
the sense of discomfort produced by the raw easterly winds and damp fogs of 
an English spring suggests an idea of cold, such as is rarely thought of in a 
Canadian winter. There are, indeed, every winter a few days of intense cold, 
as in the summer there are brief periods of equally intense heat, when the 
thermometer ascends, or descends, through a scale unkno\vn in the more 
• ' Encyc. Brit.' 9th edition, 1876. Art. " Canada." 
VOL. XXI. — S. S. 2 G 
