Canadian Agriculture. 
401 
and the former flow is not recovered even if the cows are well 
supplied with food afterwards. The cultivation of peas, oats, 
millet, green corn, or some other succulent food, is recommended 
to make good the defect in the pastures during summer. 
Some important features in the commercial aspects of 
Canadian dairying were brought forward in a valuable paper, 
read before the Western Dairymen's Convention, at London, 
Ontario, on the 14th of February, 1884, by Mr. E. A. Barnard, 
Director of Agriculture in the Department of Agriculture and 
Public Works, Quebec. In 1858 the exports of cheese were 
purely nominal, but since then there has been an almost con- 
tinuous increase down to 1883, in which year the largest export 
took place. The history of the butter trade is very different. 
In 18G2, before confederation, the united Provinces of Ontario 
and Quebec (Upper and Lower Canada) exported more butter 
than the whole confederation of Canada does now, the exports 
for 1883 and 1884 having been less than that for 1862, though 
it must be admitted that 1883 and 1884 were exceptionally bad 
years. The following figures, taken from the Trade and Navi- 
gation Returns, show that the butter trade has been practically 
at a standstill since 1871 : — 
Total Expoetations of Cheese and Butter from Canada. 
Clieose. 
Butter. 
Year. 
Lbs. 
Value. 
Lbs. 
Value. 
13,104 
300 
1858 
3,721,200 
£ 
90,142 
3G,156 
933 
1859 
3,750,296 
105,259 
124,320 
3,240 
1860 
5,512,500 
158,524 
294, 33G 
4,787 
1861 
7,275,426 
108,329 
491,080 
9,845 
1862 
8,905,578 
220,554 
974,730 
24,700 
1866 
10,448,789 
418,854 
1867 
10,817,918 
348,258 
1,577,072 
38,711 
1868 
9,956,448 
317,545 
6,111,482 
143,589 
1869 
10,853,208 
408,454 
5,827,782 
134,897 
1870 
12,259,887 
470,714 
8,271,459 
221,981 
1871 
15,439,206 
613,046 
10,424,025 
368,057 
1872 
10,008,448 
722,536 
15,208,033 
450,082 
1873 
15,205,663 
641,796 
24,050,082 
704,040 
1874 
12,233,046 
524,061 
32,342,030 
777,245 
1875 
9,268,044 
407,465 
37,885,286 
810,001 
1876 
12,392,307 
515,886 
37,700,921 
779,593 
1877 
15,479,550 
644,996 
39,871,139 
824,260 
1878 
13,. 504, 117 
494,839 
49,016,415 
806,950 
1879 
14,536,246 
427,689 
43,441,112 
818,809 
1880 
19,887,703 
623,832 
54,713,020 
1.218,307 
1881 
17,820,278 
722,378 
55,325,107 
1, 195,907 
1882 
15,338,488 
595,034 
58,041,387 
1,290,380 
1883 
8,100,447 
341,165 
75,835,557 
1,504,724 
1884 
8,473,970 
334,953 
