Canadian Arjriculture. 
405 
ing skilled makers of cheese to visit the various factories and 
give instruction. They believe that three skilled practical 
instructors in Ontario, and three in the Province of Quebec, 
engaged each at a salary not to exceed 200/. per annum, would 
result in a gain of from 10,000/. to 20,000/. to the country, and 
possibly twice this amount. The Dairymen's Association of 
Ontario have already got this matter in hand. The butter 
problem in Canada is a more difficult one than that of cheese, 
and large losses will probably be incurred by farmers and 
merchants during the period of transition from the practice of 
making butter on the farm to that of manufacturing it in the 
creameries. It is suggested that the Government might foster 
the butter industry by giving a bonus, of, say, 200/. to each butter 
factory or creamery that shall be established and worked under 
certain fixed regulations ; for the present this might be limited 
to one factory in each county, and not more than one-fourth, 
or at the most one-third, of the counties in Ontario and Quebec 
are butter-making counties. 
The Peovince of Ontario. 
Ontario, the premier Province of Canada, in population, in 
wealth, and in progress, consists in its northern part of a well- 
watered forest region, and in its southern part- — that, namely, 
which is bounded on the east and south by Lakes Ontario and 
Erie, and on the west by Lake Huron and Georgian Bay — of a 
fertile farming country. This latter, too, was once forest, as is 
testified by the numerous tree-stumps still left in the ground, 
between which the plough has to be guided in its devious 
course. Around many of the farm homesteads there is an air of 
comfort and prosperity, particularly in the south of the Province ; 
but here, as everywhere else in Canada, the hedgerows which 
constitute so common and picturesque a feature in English rural 
scenery are not to be seen, their place being taken by the snake 
lences which, with their zigzag outline, determine the boundary 
between adjacent fields. By a recent decision of the Judicial 
Committee of the Privy Council, a tract of land 80,000 square 
miles in area, lying to the north and west of Lake Superior, has 
been added to Ontario, the area of which is now nearly 200,000 
square miles. Toronto, the capital, and the scat of the Pro- 
vincial Government, has a population of 102,000 ; Hamilton, 
3G,000 ; Ottawa, the administrative capital of the Dominion, 
28,000 ; London, 20,000 ; Kingston, 15,000. 
The Ontario Bureau of Industries was established in 1881, 
and its first work was to make a report of crop statistics, live- 
stock. Sic, in 1882. Schedules of questions are circulated 
freely through the Province, and the Bureau issues an agricul- 
