406 
Canadian Agriculture. 
tural report several times in the course of the season. Included 
in the information collected in 1882 were the following items : 
total area of land in farms, 19,622,429 acres, of which 10,218,631 
acres were cleared. Value of farm land, 126,468,500/. ; of 
buildings, 26,542,515/. ; of implements, 7,405, 9G3Z. ; and of 
live-stock, 16,108,144/. ; making the total value of farm pro- 
perty, 176,525,122/. Besides the usual farm crops there were: 
of flax, 6157 acres; hops, 2051 acres; orchard and garden, 
213,846 acres. In addition to 1,562,683 grade and native 
cattle, there were 23,619 thoroughbred cattle, namely, 15,385 
Durhams, 1438 Devons, 841 Herefords, 270 Aberdeen Polls, 
1189 Galloways, and 4496 Ayrshires. The cheese factories in 
the Province numbered 471, and returns from 306 of these 
showed that 25,562,431 lbs. cheese were made, valued at 553,417/. 
The extent to which underdraining was being carried on was 
shown by the fact that one-third of the tile-yards in the Province 
from which returns were received made enough tiles in 1882 to 
lay more than 1000 miles of drains. 
The average rent per acre of leased farms in 1884 was lis., 
the figures ranging as low as 4s. \d. in Muskoka county and 
as high as 14s. 4f/. in Durham county. The average wages of 
farm hands per year with board were 33/. 8s., the minimum 
being 29/. 12s. in VVelland county, and the maximum 39/. 4s. 
in Algoma county. The average wages per year without board 
were 51/. 8s., ranging from 43/. 12s. in Parry Sound county to 
61/. 12s. in Algoma county. Monthly wages with board 
averaged 3/. 18s., the lowest being 3/. 10s. in Brant county, and 
the highest 4/. 15s. in Algoma county. Monthly wages without 
board averaged 5/. 16s., ranging from 5/. 2s. in Prince Edward 
county to 6/. 12s. in Algoma county. During the first half of 
1884 the average prices in the Province of the following 'agri- 
cultural produce per bushel Avere : fall wheat, 4s. \d. ; spring 
wheat, 4s. 2d.\ barley, 2s. 6r/. ; oats. Is. 9('/. ; peas, 3s.; rye, 
2s. 6r/. ; Indian corn, 2s. Id. ; beans, 6s. ?)d. On the Toronto live- 
stock market the average prices per cwt. were: for cattle, 1/. ; 
calves, 2/. ; sheep, 1/. Is ; pigs, 1/. 7s. Professor Brown 
wrote me, under date of 19th December, 1884, "In Ontario 
markets at present store cattle fetch from 'ih to 4i cents, per lb., 
weighing on an average about 900 lbs. Export cattle for the 
butcher are worth 5;V cents, on an average, tops 6 cents. For 
best Christmas beef 7 and 8 cents, are obtained, but the market 
is limited." Substitute the halfpenny for the cent, to get the 
English value. 
The following Tables from the Agricultural Returns to tlie 
l')ureau of Industry, August 1st, 1884, will convey a fair idea 
of the present condition of agriculture in the Province of 
Ontario : — 
