Canadian Agriculture. 
417 
This represents an average cost of about Is. per ton.* 
To give some idea of the painstaking care with which Pro- 
fessor Brown discharges the duties of his office, I reproduce, on 
pages 418 and 419, two Tables referring respectively to cattle and 
sheep. Though English breeders may not be disposed to agree 
with the decisions in every case, they will nevertheless study the 
tables with interest. I may mention that in the case of cattle the 
1000 maximum points of the " beef and milk " breeds are not to 
be considered as equivalent to the 1000 points in the two other 
cases. And in the case of sheep I have added the last column, 
to show which breed is estimated to stand highest in the respec- 
tive points. Arranged in order of general excellence as indi- 
cated by the total marks, the sheep stand thus : — 1. Southdown. 
2. Hampshire Down. 3. Shropshire Down. 4. Oxford Down. 
5. Leicester. 6. Cotswold. 7. Lincoln. 8. Merino. 9. Cheviot, 
It is worth noticing that while the Hampshire Downs do 
not obtain the highest mark under any point, they yet stand 
second on the general list. 
The cost of producing beef is illustrated in the particulars 
issued by the Ontario Experimental Farm in conjunction with 
an announcement of the sale by auction of seven prime young 
steers a few days before Christmas last. Their average age was 
2 years 4J months, and average weight 1660 lbs. The following 
is stated to be the cost of production per head, though it would 
probably have been more correct had the value of the manure 
been deducted instead of that of the home-grown food : — 
Z s d 
First Year, including calf value, milk and all 
otlier food, with attendance 8 0 0 
Second Year, food aud care 11 13 0 
Four Months of Thuid Year 4 3 8 
£23 16 8 
Less estimated market value of food grown on farm S 13 8 
Total actual cost of production .. .. £15 3 0 
This brings the cost to close upon 2^fZ. per lb. live-weight. 
At an exportation price of ?>d., there would be a cash profit of 
5/. per head on these cattle, and nearly double this is sometimes 
realised for Canadian Christmas beef. The food in the fore- 
going case consisted of hay, roots, green fodder, bran, peas, corn, 
oats, oil-cake, and Thorley condiment, averaging during winter 
of second year, 9 lbs. hay, 25 lbs. roots, 8 lbs. grain, and 2 lbs. 
cake per day. 
* These fio:ures may be compared with similar ones in the " Report on the 
Practice of Ensilage at Home and Abroad," by H. M. Jenkins, F.G.S., iu this 
'Journal,' Second series, vol. sx. 1884, p. 126 et seq. 
