424 
Canadian Agriculture. 
is employed too much on the surface without being buried in 
the earth." Professor S. M. Barre says, " Too much grain 
growing is the trouble, and the number of cattle kept is not 
proportioned to the extent of land under cultivation. We 
should keep more cattle." 
The quaint appearance of the " native " cattle of the Province 
of Quebec is sure to attract the notice of the agricultural visitor. 
They are of Transatlantic origin, their ancestors having been 
taken over by the French settlers when Canada was a part of 
the Dominions of France. Cattle similar to them may still be 
seen browsing on the plains of Brittany, whence the old French- 
Canadian colonists derived their supply. These Quebec 
cattle are good milkers, and a few of them may be found at 
nearly every one of the snug homesteads in the valley of the 
St. Lawrence. 
The reckless felling of timber without making any provision 
for future requirements has led the Quebec Government to take 
up the question of preserving and re-planting forests, and of 
tree-planting along the high roads and farms. The result has 
been the institution of an " arbour-day," or annual tree-planting 
holiday. It is not that there is not plenty of timber, for the 
revenue from the Crown timber lands of Quebec amounted in 
1883 to 171,375Z., but that in certain districts it is being so 
rapidly and so effectually removed, that in some municipalities 
the people have to send fifteen or eighteen miles for a load of 
wood. The revenue from the Crown lands in Ontario in 1883 
was 127,090Z., but both in this Province and in Quebec an 
official conservation of woods and forests seems urgently needed. 
The Maritime Provinces. 
The Maritime Provinces are those of Prince Edward Island, 
New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. The greater portion of 
their surface is still densely covered with timber, and their 
climate has less pronounced extremes of temperature than is 
the case in the more western Provinces. It is probably indi- 
cative of the rigid precautions the Canadians resort to in order 
to preserve their live-stock free from disease, that there is no 
quarantine station in the Maritime Provinces, all Imported 
cattle from Europe having to enter by way of Quebec ; the 
Nova Scotians are, however, hoping to get quarantine stations 
established at Halifax and Yarmouth. 
Prince Edward Island. — Tliis Is the smallest Province in the 
Dominion, its area being about the same as that of our county 
of Norfolk. It lies in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, to the north 
of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia, being separated from the 
