428 
Canadian Agriculture. 
1861. 
1871. 
1881. 
Wheat 
279,775 
203,592 
521,956 
94,679 
70,547 
84,183 
Oats 
2,656,883 
3,044,134 
3,297,534 
Eye 
57,504 
23,792 
18,268 
Peas and Beans , . 
30,677 
45,056 
43,121 
904,321 
1,231,091 
1,587,223 
17,420 
27,658 
18,159 
4,041,339 
6,562,355 
6,961,016 
634,364 
603,721 
990,336 
50,590 
98,358 
159,043 
324,166 
344,793 
414,046 
From this it appears that barley and rye registered a decrease 
on the two decades. Indian corn was stationary, while there 
was a marked increase in wheat, buckwheat, and potatoes; the 
last-named are very successfully cultivated. As the Census 
Returns of 1881 state that there were 40,381 acres of wheat, 
51,362 acres of potatoes, and 389,721 acres of hay, it follows 
that the average yields per acre of these three crops were : of 
wheat, 13 bushels; of potatoes, 135 bushels; and of hay, 
1 • 06 tons. 
The following is a similar statement, referring to the number 
of live-stock : — 
1861. 
1871. 
1881. 
Other Horned Cattle 
35,347 
19,111 
69,437 
72,914 
214,092 
73,995 
44,786 
11,132 
83,220 
69,335 
234,418 
65,805 
52,975 
8,812 
103,965 
99,783 
221,163 
53,087 
The decrease in the number of working oxen and the con- 
comitant increase in horses are evidences of improved methods 
of cultivation and of increasing prosperity amongst the farmers. 
The figures further indicate the increase in the dairy industry 
and in beef-growing. Though the quantity of ovine stock has 
remained almost stationary, the quality has much improved. 
The attention of the Government, as well as that of private 
breeders, has long been directed to tiic improvement of stock ; 
and the establishment, in 1881, of the Government stock farm 
has been attended with good results. The native horned cattle 
of the Province originally came from New England and New 
York, and were of mixed breeds. Hardy, active, and generally 
