452 Canadian Afjriculture. 
Canadian Forestry. 
Though occasional references have been made to the forests 
of different parts of the Dominion, the subject is of such great 
importance, both present and prospective, as to call for a brief 
separate notice. Dr. Robert Bell, whose knowledge of the 
Canadian forests extends over a quarter of a century, arranges 
the trees found east of the Rocky Mountains in lour geo- 
graphical divisions : — 
1. A northern group, including the white and black spruces, 
larch, Banksian pine, balsam fir, aspen, balsam poplar, canoe 
birch, willows, and alder. These cover the vast territory down 
to the line of the white pine. 
2. A central group of about forty species, occupying the 
belt of country from the white pine line to that of the button- 
wood. 
3. A southern group, embracing the button-wood, black 
walnut, the hickories, chestnut, tulip-tree, prickly ash, sour 
gum, sassafras, and flowering dog-wood, which are found only 
in a small area in the southern part of Ontario. 
4. A western group, consisting of the ash-leaved maple, bur- 
oak, cotton wood, and green ash, which are scattered sparingly 
over the prairie and wooded regions west of Red River and 
Lake Winnipeg. 
Mr. A. T. Drummond, who has made a special study of 
Canadian forestry, says : — 
" Canada may be divided into four great forest areas or zones, 
which may for convenience be termed the zones of the (^1) 
Douglas fir, occupying central and southern British Columbia ; 
(2) poplars, covering the whole country from the most northern 
limit of the growth of trees southward, east of the Rocky 
Mountains, to the south Saskatchewan, Qu'Appelle, and Winni- 
peg Rivers, Lake Nepigon, and Anticosti, in the Gulf of 
St. Lawrence ; (3) white and red pine, extending from the Lake 
of the Woods and Lake Nepigon, to Anticosti ; thence to the 
Georgian Bay, Lower Ottawa River, and Nova Scotia ; (4) 
beech and maple, occupying those parts of Ontario and Quebec 
lying south of the zone of the pines. Along the shores of Lake 
Erie is what might almost be regarded as a fifth zone, very 
circumscribed in area, but having within it several outliers of 
the forests of the Middle States." 
Of the 340 species of forest trees of North America only 95 
are to be found in Canada, and of these only three are identical 
with I">uropean species, namely, the chestnut, white birch, and 
yew. With regard to the future supplies of timber which may 
be available in Canada, Dr. Bell finds that the greater part of 
