Report on Implements at Preston. 
735 
of a foot-lever, to enable the shepherd to raise the roof by the 
action of his foot when his hands are full. The lever is said 
to have the further advantage of keeping the roof from being 
blown open by the wind. It is hardly worth while to complicate 
the construction of a sheep trough to this extent for the sake of 
so small an advantage to the feeder. 
Messrs. Catchpool, Stannard, and Stanford exhibited two Pul- 
verizers or Revolving Harrows, of Stanford and Button's patent ; 
one, price 18/., to cover 7 feet, stated to be intended for three 
horses ; the other, price 13/., to cover 4 feet 6 inches, for two 
horses. The Judges were of opinion that the larger implement 
would give plenty of work for four horses, and they had it 
at work in the field throughout the competitive trial of the 
four-horse whippletrees. 
The pulverizer consists of a wrought-iron frame, with cast- 
iron bracket, with loose bearings fixed to each side carrying two 
axles fitted with curved steel prongs, which revolve as the im- 
plement is drawn forward. The frame is mounted on wheels ; 
this gives a ready adjustment for harrowing the land deeper or 
shallower, as may be required. On arriving at the end of the 
land, the driver releases a lever, and the forward motion of the 
horses at once lifts the harrow clear of the ground. The harrow 
was worked both in the line and across the furrows of the 
newly ploughed land, and made fair work, the soil being very 
dry and of a friable nature. This is a well-made modification 
of the old Norwegian harrow — an implement usually made with 
straight prongs or teeth, but which was also tried with teeth 
curved like these. In either form it met with a very limited 
sale, and though specimens are still to be seen on farms, they 
are usually found hidden away among the disused implements. 
No. 1432, Mess7-s. Nichols, Richardson, and Go's Eight-furrow 
Turn-wrest Plough has been constructed for steam ploughing 
from three to six inches deep on medium and light land. The 
frame is of very light construction, and probably easy of draught. 
No time is lost at the end of the furrow, but a very wide head- 
land is left. Shallow ploughing on light land is usually done 
by horse rather than bv steam, and the use of such an imple- 
ment in England would probably be limited to the hurried 
cultivation required for catch crops. 
Various modifications of an excellent Canadian Sharpener, 
for the knives of reapers and mowers, were shown by different 
exhibitors. In one of them, entered by Messrs. Murray and 
Co. as a new implement, a special adjustment has been intro- 
duced by which the position of the knife is altered as the 
circumference of the stone is diminished by wear ; extra holes 
are made in the knife-holder, and its position is changed by 
