292 
Agriculture of Denmarh. 
result. jNIamnc became so scarce that the inner field, wlilch 
liad fjonerally been manured every third year, could then only 
receive a dressin<^ once in six, or even nine years ; so that the 
land produced year by year less corn, and more weeds. 
As soon, however, as living in ftllowship was abolished in 
Denmark, the course of cropping was also changed. 
The mode of agriculture next adopted in Denmark Proper was 
introduced from Holstein, and was called " Kobbelbriig" (inclosed 
pasture-land). The climate and the soil of Holstein were pecu- 
liarly well adapted for pasture, and the neighbourhood of large 
towns was advantageous for the sale of dairy-produce, to which 
great attention was there paid. 
As at that period no artificial grasses were known, after the 
pasture had been broken up by the plough for the production of 
corn-crops, the fields were left to produce those grasses which, 
by slow degrees. Nature furnished, and to rest as pasture for many 
years before they were again capable of producing corn for a 
succession of crops. This more modern system may be thus 
described : — A field was divided into twelve inclosures, each of 
Avhich was in the first year fallowed, then sown with — 1, rape ; 
2, wheat; 3, barley; 4, oats; 5, oats; and then left for six years 
in grass. Or thus : — 1, fallow ; 2, wheat ; 3, rye ; 4, peas ; 5, 
barley ; 6, oats ; 7, oats ; and 5 to (5 years grass, &c. Later, 
when clover and artificial grass-seeds were introduced, rich pas- 
ture was obtained even in the first year, and the rotation of crops 
was therefore thus modified : — 1, fallow ; 2, rape ; 3, barley ; 
4, oats ; 5, clover ; 6, clover ; 7, tares and oats mixed ; 8, wheat ; 
9, peas ; 10, oats ; 11, clover ; 12, clover. This rotation, by the 
frecjuent use of clover, soon impaired the soil, and consequently has 
become less general, even in Holstein. Its introduction into the 
kingdom at the close of last century was due to the necessary 
abolition of the earlier agricultural system, and to the fact that 
many natives of Holstein took up their abode in the kingdom on 
account of land being cheap. At the present moment this rota- 
tion may still be found on many estates in Jutland, but modified 
by local circumstances thus : — 7 fields cultivated with 1, fallow ; 
2, rye ; 3, barley ; 4, oats ; and 3 years clover and grass. 
On the Danish islands the rotation of crops is frequently as folr 
lows : — 1, fallow ; 2, wheat ; 3, peas ; 4, barley ; 5, oats ; and 3 
years clover : or 1, fallow ; 2, rye ; 3, barley ; 4, peas ; 5, barley ; 6, 
oats ; and 2 years clover. But much depends on the quality of 
the soil, neighbourhood of towns, facilities {or labour, and many 
other circumstances. In the duchies this is the usual rotation : — 
1, fallow ; 2, rape-seed ; 3, wheat or rye ; 4, barley ; 5, oats ; 
6, oats and clover ; 7, clover for mowing ; 8, 9, 10, and 11, grass, 
and, to a small extent, tares and peas ; or this : — 1, buck-wheat : 
