304 
Agriculture of Denmark. 
The import and export of cheese to and from the Danish 
monarchy during the following years may be thus given : — 
Imported. 
: Year. lbs. lbs. 
1854 .. ., 417,833, whereof from England 7,087 
1855 .. .. 374,032 „ „ 10,674 
185G ., .. 447,374 „ „ 8,708 
1857 .. .. 477,014 „ „ 7,218 
1858 .. .. 430,279 „ „ 6,033 
1859 .. .. 463,288 „ „ 7,042 
Exported. 
Year. lbs. ! lbs. 
1854 .. .. 821,194, whereof to England ■ 21 
1855 .. .. 966,205 „ „ 838 
1856 .. .. 910,789 
1857 .. .. 1,008,891 „ „ 267 
1858 .. .. 722,582 „ „ 2,373 
1859 .. 635,939 „ „ 2,864 
Though the quantity exported is nearly double that imported, 
nevertheless the value of the latter is greater on account of its 
superior quality. More than half of the cheese imported comes 
from Holland, the remainder from Hamburg, Liibeck, Norway, 
and England ; half of that exported goes to Sweden and Norway, 
the remainder to Mecklenburg, Liibeck, Hamburg, and Eng- 
land. The annual consumption of cheese in the rural districts is 
about 30 pounds, in the towns it averages IG pounds per head. 
Fatting of Oxen. — Up to the commencement of the last century 
fatting and exporting cattle were among the principal sources of 
income to Denmark. At that time stall-feeding was the special 
privilege of the great landed proprietors, and, in consequence, 
there were then more than 350 estates in Jutland alone where 
oxen were stall-fed. This privilege was rescinded in 1788 ; this 
fact, together with the increased profits derived from the dairy 
by the emigrants from Holstein, the imposition of an export 
duty, change in the state of trade, and, finally, cattle disease 
(which, in the year 1745, reduced the number by 285,160 
head), induced many landed proprietors to exchange their oxen 
for cows ; the fatting of oxen has since then constantly decreased, 
but now there seems a chance of a favourable change : it is at 
present carried on principally in the northern and western dis- 
tricts of Jutland, and in the marshes of the Duchies of Sleswig 
and Holstein. 
The cattle exported from Jutland are of two kinds, either 
such (aged from five to eight years) as are sent direct to a 
market at Copenhagen or Hamburg, or those (aged from three 
to five years) which are sold to be fatted on the rich pasture of 
the marshes, and thence sent to England or Hamburg. In cen- 
tral Jutland and in the north and west parts of that province the 
